Here are Statement and Conclusion logical reasoning questions with answers:
Example 1:
Statement: “All doctors are highly trained professionals.”
Conclusion 1: All professionals are doctors. Conclusion 2: Some doctors may not be highly trained.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all doctors are highly trained professionals, but it does not imply that all professionals are doctors.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement explicitly states that all doctors are highly trained professionals, so there can be no doctors who are not highly trained.
Example 2:
Statement: “No birds are mammals.”
Conclusion 1: Some mammals are birds. Conclusion 2: Birds are not mammals.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says that no birds are mammals, so it’s impossible for some mammals to be birds.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement directly concludes that birds are not mammals.
Example 3:
Statement: “All students in the school are required to attend the annual sports day.”
Conclusion 1: Some students may not attend the sports day. Conclusion 2: All students in the school will attend the sports day.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all students are required to attend, so there cannot be students who do not attend.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly indicates that all students must attend the sports day.
Example 4:
Statement: “Some cars are electric.”
Conclusion 1: All cars are electric. Conclusion 2: Some cars are not electric.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some cars are electric, not all cars.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement implies that there are cars that are not electric.
Example 5:
Statement: “Some employees work from home on Fridays.”
Conclusion 1: All employees work from home on Fridays. Conclusion 2: Some employees do not work from home on Fridays.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only says that some employees work from home on Fridays, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some employees work from home, it logically follows that some do not.
Example 6:
Statement: “No mammals are reptiles.”
Conclusion 1: Some reptiles are mammals. Conclusion 2: Mammals and reptiles are completely separate categories.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says that no mammals are reptiles, so it’s impossible for any reptiles to be mammals.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement asserts that mammals and reptiles are distinct categories with no overlap.
Example 7:
Statement: “All smartphones are mobile devices.”
Conclusion 1: Some mobile devices are smartphones. Conclusion 2: All mobile devices are smartphones.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement says all smartphones are mobile devices, so some mobile devices are smartphones.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement only says all smartphones are mobile devices, not that all mobile devices are smartphones.
Example 8:
Statement: “Most students enjoy online learning.”
Conclusion 1: All students enjoy online learning. Conclusion 2: Some students may not enjoy online learning.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says most students enjoy online learning, but it does not say all students do.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement says most students, it implies that some may not enjoy online learning.
Example 9:
Statement: “No dogs are allowed in the restaurant.”
Conclusion 1: Some animals are allowed in the restaurant. Conclusion 2: All animals except dogs are allowed in the restaurant.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement implies that if no dogs are allowed, other animals may be permitted.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement says no dogs are allowed, but it does not specify whether any other animals are or are not allowed.
Example 10:
Statement: “All flowers need sunlight to grow.”
Conclusion 1: Some flowers may not need sunlight to grow. Conclusion 2: All flowers need sunlight to grow.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement clearly says all flowers need sunlight, so it’s impossible for some flowers to not need it.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says all flowers need sunlight.
Example 11:
Statement: “Some cats are black.”
Conclusion 1: No cats are black. Conclusion 2: Some cats are not black.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement explicitly says some cats are black, so the conclusion that no cats are black is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement implies that there are cats that are not black.
Example 12:
Statement: “All birds can fly.”
Conclusion 1: Some birds are unable to fly. Conclusion 2: All birds are capable of flying.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement asserts that all birds can fly, so none can be unable to fly.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly states that all birds have the ability to fly.
Example 13:
Statement: “No student in the class passed the final exam.”
Conclusion 1: Some students failed the exam. Conclusion 2: All students failed the exam.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – Since no student passed the exam, it follows that all students must have failed.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly says that no student passed, implying all students failed the exam.
Example 14:
Statement: “Some books are interesting.”
Conclusion 1: All books are interesting. Conclusion 2: Some books are not interesting.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only says some books are interesting, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some books are interesting, it’s logical to conclude that some books are not interesting.
Example 15:
Statement: “All fruits contain vitamins.”
Conclusion 1: Some fruits do not contain vitamins. Conclusion 2: All fruits are nutritious.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all fruits contain vitamins, so none can lack them.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement implies that since all fruits contain vitamins, they can be considered nutritious.
Example 16:
Statement: “All smartphones are mobile devices, but not all mobile devices are smartphones.”
Conclusion 1: All mobile devices are smartphones. Conclusion 2: Some mobile devices are not smartphones.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement specifically says that not all mobile devices are smartphones.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly mentions that there are mobile devices that are not smartphones.
Example 17:
Statement: “Some people who are not vegetarian still choose to eat only plant-based meals on certain days.”
Conclusion 1: All non-vegetarians eat plant-based meals. Conclusion 2: Some non-vegetarians choose to eat plant-based meals on certain days.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only mentions that some non-vegetarians eat plant-based meals on certain days, not that all non-vegetarians do so.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly indicates that some non-vegetarians choose plant-based meals on certain days.
Example 18:
Statement: “All lawyers must pass the bar exam to practice law.”
Conclusion 1: Some lawyers have not passed the bar exam. Conclusion 2: All lawyers have passed the bar exam.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all lawyers must pass the bar exam to practice, so all lawyers must have passed it.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement asserts that passing the bar exam is a requirement for all lawyers, so they all must have passed it.
Example 19:
Statement: “No person who is not a citizen can vote in the election.”
Conclusion 1: Some non-citizens are allowed to vote. Conclusion 2: Only citizens can vote in the election.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says non-citizens are not allowed to vote, so they cannot vote in the election.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement directly implies that only citizens can vote in the election.
Example 20:
Statement: “The restaurant offers vegan, gluten-free, and vegetarian meal options.”
Conclusion 1: All meals at the restaurant are vegan. Conclusion 2: Some meals at the restaurant are not vegan.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says the restaurant offers vegan options, but it does not imply that all meals are vegan.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement implies that some meals are not vegan because other options like gluten-free and vegetarian are also available.
Example 21:
Statement: “All athletes must follow a strict fitness regimen to maintain peak performance.”
Conclusion 1: Some athletes may not follow a fitness regimen. Conclusion 2: All athletes follow a strict fitness regimen.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement implies that all athletes must follow a strict regimen, so no athlete is exempt.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly says that all athletes must follow a strict fitness regimen to maintain peak performance.
Example 22:
Statement: “Some doctors prefer to practice alternative medicine.”
Conclusion 1: All doctors practice alternative medicine. Conclusion 2: Some doctors do not practice alternative medicine.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only mentions that some doctors prefer alternative medicine, not all doctors.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some doctors prefer alternative medicine, it follows that others do not practice it.
Example 23:
Statement: “Most people enjoy watching movies on the weekend.”
Conclusion 1: Some people do not enjoy watching movies on the weekend. Conclusion 2: All people enjoy watching movies on the weekend.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement says “most” people, which implies that there are some who do not enjoy watching movies on the weekend.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement does not claim that all people enjoy watching movies, only most.
Example 24:
Statement: “All roses are flowers, but not all flowers are roses.”
Conclusion 1: Some flowers are roses. Conclusion 2: All flowers are roses.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement says that all roses are flowers, so it follows that some flowers are roses.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement explicitly says that not all flowers are roses.
Example 25:
Statement: “All bicycles are vehicles, but not all vehicles are bicycles.”
Conclusion 1: Some vehicles are bicycles. Conclusion 2: All vehicles are bicycles.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement indicates that some vehicles (bicycles) are part of the category of vehicles.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement says that not all vehicles are bicycles, so not all vehicles fall under this category.
Example 26:
Statement: “No pets are allowed in the office.”
Conclusion 1: Some pets are allowed in the office. Conclusion 2: Only humans are allowed in the office.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement clearly says that no pets are allowed, so the conclusion that some pets are allowed is incorrect.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since no pets are allowed, it implies that only humans can be in the office.
Example 27:
Statement: “All students in the class are required to complete the assignment by Friday.”
Conclusion 1: Some students may complete the assignment before Friday. Conclusion 2: All students will complete the assignment by Friday.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement requires students to complete the assignment by Friday, but some may finish earlier.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement asserts that all students must complete the assignment by Friday.
Example 28:
Statement: “All cars must have a valid insurance policy to be driven legally.”
Conclusion 1: Some cars may not have insurance policies. Conclusion 2: All cars on the road have valid insurance policies.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says that all cars must have valid insurance to be driven legally, so none should be without insurance.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement implies that all cars on the road must have valid insurance, so they are legally insured.
Example 29:
Statement: “Some plants thrive in the desert, while others struggle to survive.”
Conclusion 1: All plants thrive in the desert. Conclusion 2: Some plants do not thrive in the desert.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says some plants thrive, but not all plants do.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement implies that there are plants that do not thrive in the desert.
Example 30:
Statement: “The store offers discounts on all products except electronics.”
Conclusion 1: Electronics are not available for discount at the store. Conclusion 2: All products at the store are discounted.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement clearly excludes electronics from the discount offer.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement says all products except electronics are discounted, so not all products are on sale.
Example 31:
Statement: “All animals with wings can fly.”
Conclusion 1: All animals that can fly have wings. Conclusion 2: Some animals with wings cannot fly.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says that all animals with wings can fly, but it does not say that only animals with wings can fly.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement asserts that all animals with wings can fly, so no animals with wings should be unable to fly.
Example 32:
Statement: “Some students are studying for the final exams.”
Conclusion 1: All students are studying for the final exams. Conclusion 2: Some students may not be studying for the final exams.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only says some students are studying, not all students.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some students are studying, it follows that some students may not be studying.
Example 33:
Statement: “No one can pass the test without studying.”
Conclusion 1: Some students have passed the test without studying. Conclusion 2: All students who pass the test must have studied.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says no one can pass without studying, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement directly implies that students who pass the test must have studied.
Example 34:
Statement: “All birds have feathers.”
Conclusion 1: Some animals with feathers are birds. Conclusion 2: All animals with feathers are birds.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement says all birds have feathers, so it follows that some animals with feathers must be birds.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement does not say that only birds have feathers; other animals could also have feathers.
Example 35:
Statement: “Some people like coffee and others prefer tea.”
Conclusion 1: All people like coffee. Conclusion 2: Some people prefer tea over coffee.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only says some people like coffee, not all people.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement implies that there are people who prefer tea over coffee.
Example 36:
Statement: “All employees are expected to follow company policies.”
Conclusion 1: Some employees do not follow company policies. Conclusion 2: All employees follow company policies.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement implies that all employees must follow company policies, so none should be exempt.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement directly asserts that all employees are expected to follow company policies.
Example 37:
Statement: “No one is allowed to enter the restricted area without special permission.”
Conclusion 1: All people in the restricted area have special permission. Conclusion 2: Some people in the restricted area may not have special permission.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – Since no one is allowed in the restricted area without special permission, everyone there must have permission.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement clearly says that no one is allowed in without special permission, so all people in the restricted area must have it.
Example 38:
Statement: “Some people enjoy hiking, but others prefer indoor activities.”
Conclusion 1: Everyone enjoys hiking. Conclusion 2: Some people do not enjoy hiking.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people enjoy hiking, not everyone.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some people enjoy hiking, it implies others do not.
Example 39:
Statement: “All students must submit their assignments by the deadline.”
Conclusion 1: Some students will submit their assignments late. Conclusion 2: All students will submit their assignments on time.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all students must submit their assignments by the deadline, so no student should submit late.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly says all students must submit their assignments by the deadline, which means they must do so on time.
Example 40:
Statement: “Some books are fiction, but others are non-fiction.”
Conclusion 1: All books are fiction. Conclusion 2: Some books are not fiction.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some books are fiction, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since not all books are fiction, it follows that some are not fiction.
Example 41:
Statement: “All laptops are portable computers, but not all portable computers are laptops.”
Conclusion 1: All portable computers are laptops. Conclusion 2: Some portable computers are not laptops.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says that not all portable computers are laptops.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement implies that there are portable computers that are not laptops.
Example 42:
Statement: “All students in the course are required to complete the final project.”
Conclusion 1: Some students may not complete the final project. Conclusion 2: All students will complete the final project.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all students are required to complete the final project, so none should fail to complete it.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since all students are required to complete the project, they must all do so.
Example 43:
Statement: “Some people are allergic to peanuts.”
Conclusion 1: All people are allergic to peanuts. Conclusion 2: Some people are not allergic to peanuts.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people are allergic to peanuts, not all people.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some people are allergic, it follows that some are not allergic.
Example 44:
Statement: “All the children in the playground are playing basketball.”
Conclusion 1: Some children are not playing basketball. Conclusion 2: All children in the playground are playing basketball.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement explicitly says all the children in the playground are playing basketball.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly indicates that all the children in the playground are playing basketball.
Example 45:
Statement: “Some dogs are small in size.”
Conclusion 1: All dogs are small. Conclusion 2: Some dogs are not small.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some dogs are small, not all dogs.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some dogs are small, it follows that some dogs are not small.
Example 46:
Statement: “All fruits are healthy, but not all healthy foods are fruits.”
Conclusion 1: Some healthy foods are not fruits. Conclusion 2: All healthy foods are fruits.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement says that not all healthy foods are fruits, so some are not fruits.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement specifically says that not all healthy foods are fruits, so this conclusion is incorrect.
Example 47:
Statement: “No person can be successful without hard work.”
Conclusion 1: Some people are successful without hard work. Conclusion 2: All successful people work hard.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says that no one can be successful without hard work, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement directly implies that all successful people must have worked hard.
Example 48:
Statement: “Some cars are electric, while others are not.”
Conclusion 1: All cars are electric. Conclusion 2: Some cars are not electric.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement explicitly says that only some cars are electric, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some cars are electric, it follows that some cars are not electric.
Example 49:
Statement: “No one can drive without a license.”
Conclusion 1: All drivers have licenses. Conclusion 2: Some drivers do not have licenses.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement asserts that no one can drive without a license, so all drivers must have one.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement clearly says that no one can drive without a license, so all drivers must have one.
Example 50:
Statement: “Some fruits are sweet, and some are sour.”
Conclusion 1: All fruits are sweet. Conclusion 2: Some fruits are sour.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some fruits are sweet, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that some fruits are sour.
Example 51:
Statement: “Some cats are black.”
Conclusion 1: All cats are black. Conclusion 2: Some cats are not black.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some cats are black, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some cats are black, it follows that some cats are not black.
Example 52:
Statement: “All employees must attend the meeting tomorrow.”
Conclusion 1: Some employees will attend the meeting. Conclusion 2: All employees will attend the meeting.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement says all employees must attend, so it’s implied that some employees will attend.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since all employees are required to attend, it follows that all will attend.
Example 53:
Statement: “Some birds migrate to warmer climates during winter.”
Conclusion 1: All birds migrate to warmer climates during winter. Conclusion 2: Some birds do not migrate to warmer climates during winter.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some birds migrate, not all birds.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some birds migrate, it follows that some birds do not.
Example 54:
Statement: “No dogs are allowed in the library.”
Conclusion 1: All animals are allowed in the library. Conclusion 2: No dogs are in the library.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only that no dogs are allowed in the library; it doesn’t mention other animals.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since no dogs are allowed, it follows that there are no dogs in the library.
Example 55:
Statement: “All smartphones are equipped with cameras.”
Conclusion 1: Some smartphones do not have cameras. Conclusion 2: All smartphones have cameras.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says that all smartphones are equipped with cameras, so none should lack a camera.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly states that all smartphones have cameras.
Example 56:
Statement: “Some people prefer tea over coffee.”
Conclusion 1: All people prefer tea over coffee. Conclusion 2: Some people prefer coffee over tea.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people prefer tea, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some people prefer tea over coffee, it follows that others may prefer coffee over tea.
Example 57:
Statement: “All children in the park are playing games.”
Conclusion 1: Some children are not playing games. Conclusion 2: All children in the park are playing games.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all children are playing games, so no child is excluded.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly states that all children in the park are playing games.
Example 58:
Statement: “Some cars in the parking lot are electric vehicles.”
Conclusion 1: All cars in the parking lot are electric vehicles. Conclusion 2: Some cars in the parking lot are not electric vehicles.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only mentions some cars being electric, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some cars are electric, it follows that some are not electric vehicles.
Example 59:
Statement: “No person can succeed without putting in hard work.”
Conclusion 1: All successful people have put in hard work. Conclusion 2: Some successful people have not worked hard.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement asserts that success requires hard work, so all successful people must have worked hard.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement says no one can succeed without hard work, so all successful people must have worked hard.
Example 60:
Statement: “All students in the classroom have submitted their assignments.”
Conclusion 1: Some students have not submitted their assignments. Conclusion 2: All students have submitted their assignments.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement clearly states that all students have submitted their assignments.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement directly indicates that all students have submitted their assignments.
Example 61:
Statement: “Some books are expensive, while others are affordable.”
Conclusion 1: All books are expensive. Conclusion 2: Some books are affordable.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some books are expensive, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some books are affordable, this conclusion is valid.
Example 62:
Statement: “All members of the team are required to wear uniforms.”
Conclusion 1: Some team members may not wear uniforms. Conclusion 2: All team members must wear uniforms.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement asserts that all team members are required to wear uniforms, so none should fail to do so.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says all members are required to wear uniforms.
Example 63:
Statement: “No vehicles are allowed to park in the fire lane.”
Conclusion 1: All vehicles are parked in the fire lane. Conclusion 2: No vehicles are parked in the fire lane.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says that no vehicles are allowed to park in the fire lane, so they should not be parked there.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since no vehicles are allowed to park in the fire lane, it follows that no vehicles are parked there.
Example 64:
Statement: “Some people prefer traveling by train rather than by plane.”
Conclusion 1: All people prefer traveling by train. Conclusion 2: Some people prefer traveling by plane.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only says some people prefer traveling by train, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some people prefer trains over planes, it follows that some may prefer planes.
Example 65:
Statement: “Some fruits are sour, while others are sweet.”
Conclusion 1: All fruits are sweet. Conclusion 2: Some fruits are sour.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some fruits are sweet, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions that some fruits are sour, this conclusion is valid.
Example 66:
Statement: “No one can pass the driving test without practicing.”
Conclusion 1: Some people pass the driving test without practicing. Conclusion 2: All people who pass the driving test have practiced.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement explicitly says no one can pass without practicing.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement asserts that all people who pass the test must have practiced.
Example 67:
Statement: “All the guests at the party are invited.”
Conclusion 1: Some guests are not invited. Conclusion 2: All guests at the party are invited.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement explicitly says all the guests are invited.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement directly says all the guests at the party are invited.
Example 68:
Statement: “Some people prefer summer vacations, while others enjoy winter vacations.”
Conclusion 1: All people prefer summer vacations. Conclusion 2: Some people prefer winter vacations.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people prefer summer vacations, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some people enjoy winter vacations, this conclusion is valid.
Example 69:
Statement: “All dogs are loyal, but not all loyal animals are dogs.”
Conclusion 1: All loyal animals are dogs. Conclusion 2: Some loyal animals are not dogs.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says not all loyal animals are dogs, so this conclusion is incorrect.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since not all loyal animals are dogs, this conclusion is correct.
Example 70:
Statement: “No one can succeed without hard work.”
Conclusion 1: Hard work is necessary for success. Conclusion 2: Some successful people do not work hard.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement implies that hard work is essential for success.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement says no one can succeed without hard work, so all successful people must work hard.
Example 71:
Statement: “All the students in the class passed the exam.”
Conclusion 1: Some students failed the exam. Conclusion 2: All students in the class passed the exam.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all students passed, so no student failed.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly asserts that all students passed the exam.
Example 72:
Statement: “Some flowers bloom in spring, while others bloom in summer.”
Conclusion 1: All flowers bloom in spring. Conclusion 2: Some flowers bloom in summer.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some flowers bloom in spring, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement says some flowers bloom in summer, this conclusion is valid.
Also read : Logical question on statement and conclusion
Example 73:
Statement: “No animals are allowed in the restaurant.”
Conclusion 1: All animals are not allowed in the restaurant. Conclusion 2: Some animals are allowed in the restaurant.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement explicitly says no animals are allowed in the restaurant, so this conclusion is valid.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement says no animals are allowed in the restaurant, so this conclusion is false.
Example 74:
Statement: “All employees must clock in before 9 AM.”
Conclusion 1: Some employees arrive after 9 AM. Conclusion 2: All employees arrive before 9 AM.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all employees must clock in before 9 AM, so no employees should arrive after 9 AM.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since all employees must clock in before 9 AM, this conclusion is valid.
Example 75:
Statement: “Some people enjoy reading books, while others enjoy watching movies.”
Conclusion 1: All people enjoy reading books. Conclusion 2: Some people prefer watching movies over reading books.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people enjoy reading books, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some people enjoy watching movies, this conclusion is valid.
Example 76:
Statement: “All the fruits in the basket are fresh.”
Conclusion 1: Some fruits in the basket are fresh. Conclusion 2: All fruits in the basket are fresh.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement says all the fruits in the basket are fresh, so this conclusion is valid.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that all fruits are fresh, making this conclusion true.
Example 77:
Statement: “Some employees are working overtime to meet the deadline.”
Conclusion 1: No employees are working overtime. Conclusion 2: Some employees are working overtime.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement clearly says that some employees are working overtime, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that some employees are working overtime, so this conclusion is true.
Example 78:
Statement: “All roses are flowers, but not all flowers are roses.”
Conclusion 1: All flowers are roses. Conclusion 2: Some flowers are not roses.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says not all flowers are roses, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since not all flowers are roses, it follows that some flowers are not roses.
Example 79:
Statement: “Some cars are electric, while others are gasoline-powered.”
Conclusion 1: All cars are electric. Conclusion 2: Some cars are gasoline-powered.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some cars are electric, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly mentions that some cars are gasoline-powered, so this conclusion is valid.
Example 80:
Statement: “No students were absent from the class today.”
Conclusion 1: Some students were absent. Conclusion 2: All students were present.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says no students were absent, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that no students were absent, which means all students were present.
Example 81:
Statement: “Some houses in the neighborhood are painted blue, while others are painted white.”
Conclusion 1: All houses in the neighborhood are painted white. Conclusion 2: Some houses are painted blue.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some houses are painted blue, not all houses are white.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that some houses are painted blue, so this conclusion is valid.
Example 82:
Statement: “No one can drive a car without a valid driver’s license.”
Conclusion 1: Some people drive without a license. Conclusion 2: All people who drive have a valid driver’s license.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says no one can drive without a valid driver’s license, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since no one can drive without a license, it follows that all drivers must have a valid driver’s license.
Example 83:
Statement: “Some books are available for free download on the website.”
Conclusion 1: All books on the website are free. Conclusion 2: Some books are not available for free download.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only says some books are available for free download, not all books.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some books are free, it follows that some books are not available for free download.
Example 84:
Statement: “All the employees are given a bonus at the end of the year.”
Conclusion 1: Some employees do not receive a bonus. Conclusion 2: All employees receive a bonus.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all employees receive a bonus, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that all employees are given a bonus, so this conclusion is true.
Example 85:
Statement: “No one can access the server without the password.”
Conclusion 1: Some people have the password. Conclusion 2: Only people with the password can access the server.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement implies that some people must have the password to access the server.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since no one can access the server without the password, only people with the password can do so.
Example 86:
Statement: “Some people prefer reading fiction, while others enjoy non-fiction.”
Conclusion 1: All people prefer reading fiction. Conclusion 2: Some people prefer non-fiction.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people prefer reading fiction, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some people enjoy non-fiction, this conclusion is valid.
Example 87:
Statement: “Some vegetables are rich in vitamins, while others are rich in fiber.”
Conclusion 1: All vegetables are rich in vitamins. Conclusion 2: Some vegetables are rich in fiber.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some vegetables are rich in vitamins, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that some vegetables are rich in fiber, so this conclusion is valid.
Example 88:
Statement: “All students are required to complete their homework before the weekend.”
Conclusion 1: Some students will not complete their homework before the weekend. Conclusion 2: All students will complete their homework before the weekend.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says that all students are required to complete their homework before the weekend, so none should fail to do so.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since all students are required to complete their homework, they must complete it before the weekend.
Example 89:
Statement: “Some animals are nocturnal, and some are diurnal.”
Conclusion 1: All animals are nocturnal. Conclusion 2: Some animals are diurnal.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some animals are nocturnal, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement says some animals are diurnal, this conclusion is valid.
Example 90:
Statement: “Some computers are laptops, but not all laptops are computers.”
Conclusion 1: All laptops are computers. Conclusion 2: Some laptops are not computers.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says that not all laptops are computers, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement implies that some laptops may not be computers.
Example 91:
Statement: “Some students passed the exam with distinction.”
Conclusion 1: All students passed the exam. Conclusion 2: Some students did not pass the exam with distinction.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only says some students passed with distinction, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some students passed with distinction, it follows that others did not.
Example 92:
Statement: “All cars require fuel to run.”
Conclusion 1: Some cars run on electricity. Conclusion 2: All cars run on fuel.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all cars require fuel, but it doesn’t imply that all cars must run on fuel (e.g., electric cars can exist).
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement asserts that all cars require fuel to run, meaning all cars need fuel.
Example 93:
Statement: “Some teachers are strict, while others are lenient.”
Conclusion 1: All teachers are strict. Conclusion 2: Some teachers are lenient.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some teachers are strict, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions that some teachers are lenient, this conclusion is valid.
Example 94:
Statement: “All the oranges are ripe.”
Conclusion 1: Some oranges are ripe. Conclusion 2: All oranges are not ripe.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement says all the oranges are ripe, which also means that some are ripe.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement explicitly says that all the oranges are ripe, so none are unripe.
Example 95:
Statement: “No one is allowed to enter the building without a security pass.”
Conclusion 1: All people who enter the building have a security pass. Conclusion 2: Some people do not have a security pass.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement asserts that no one can enter the building without a pass, so those who do enter must have a pass.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement doesn’t imply that some people do not have a security pass; rather, it says no one can enter without one.
Example 96:
Statement: “Some athletes are sponsored by brands.”
Conclusion 1: All athletes are sponsored by brands. Conclusion 2: Some athletes are not sponsored by brands.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some athletes are sponsored, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some athletes are sponsored, it follows that some are not.
Example 97:
Statement: “All computers have an operating system.”
Conclusion 1: Some computers have an operating system. Conclusion 2: Some computers do not have an operating system.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – Since the statement says all computers have an operating system, it naturally follows that some computers have an operating system.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement says all computers have an operating system, so none should lack one.
Example 98:
Statement: “Some books are available at discounted prices.”
Conclusion 1: All books are available at discounted prices. Conclusion 2: Some books are not available at discounted prices.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some books are available at discounted prices, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since only some books are discounted, it follows that others are not.
Example 99:
Statement: “All dogs are friendly.”
Conclusion 1: Some dogs are not friendly. Conclusion 2: All dogs are friendly.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all dogs are friendly, so this conclusion contradicts it.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that all dogs are friendly, so this conclusion is true.
Example 100:
Statement: “No one can enter the library without a student ID.”
Conclusion 1: All people who enter the library have a student ID. Conclusion 2: Some people do not have a student ID.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement asserts that no one can enter the library without a student ID, so those who enter must have one.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement does not imply that some people do not have a student ID; it focuses on the requirement for entering.
Example 101:
Statement: “Some people prefer watching movies at home.”
Conclusion 1: All people prefer watching movies at home. Conclusion 2: Some people prefer watching movies at home.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people prefer watching movies at home, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that some people prefer watching movies at home, making this conclusion true.
Example 102:
Statement: “Some phones are waterproof.”
Conclusion 1: All phones are waterproof. Conclusion 2: Some phones are not waterproof.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement only says some phones are waterproof, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some phones are waterproof, it follows that some are not.
Example 103:
Statement: “All athletes must undergo a fitness test.”
Conclusion 1: Some athletes do not undergo a fitness test. Conclusion 2: All athletes undergo a fitness test.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all athletes must undergo a fitness test, so no athlete should be excluded.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that all athletes must undergo a fitness test, so this conclusion is correct.
Example 104:
Statement: “Some people enjoy playing outdoor sports, while others prefer indoor sports.”
Conclusion 1: All people enjoy outdoor sports. Conclusion 2: Some people prefer indoor sports.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people enjoy outdoor sports, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions that others prefer indoor sports, this conclusion is valid.
Example 105:
Statement: “No cars are allowed to park in front of the fire hydrant.”
Conclusion 1: Some cars are parked in front of the fire hydrant. Conclusion 2: No cars are parked in front of the fire hydrant.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says no cars are allowed to park in front of the fire hydrant, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since no cars are allowed to park in front of the fire hydrant, this conclusion is true.
Example 106:
Statement: “Some pets are cats, some pets are dogs, and some pets are birds.”
Conclusion 1: All pets are cats. Conclusion 2: Some pets are birds.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says some pets are cats, but not all pets are cats.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some pets are birds, this conclusion is valid.
Example 107:
Statement: “All the workers in the factory are wearing protective gear.”
Conclusion 1: Some workers are not wearing protective gear. Conclusion 2: All workers are wearing protective gear.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement clearly states that all workers are wearing protective gear, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that all workers are wearing protective gear, so this conclusion is true.
Example 108:
Statement: “Some students like science, while others like arts.”
Conclusion 1: All students like science. Conclusion 2: Some students like arts.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some students like science, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some students like arts, this conclusion is valid.
Example 109:
Statement: “All fruits contain vitamins and minerals.”
Conclusion 1: Some fruits do not contain vitamins and minerals. Conclusion 2: All fruits contain vitamins and minerals.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement explicitly says all fruits contain vitamins and minerals, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly asserts that all fruits contain vitamins and minerals, making this conclusion true.
Example 110:
Statement: “Some workers are skilled in programming, while others are skilled in design.”
Conclusion 1: All workers are skilled in programming. Conclusion 2: Some workers are skilled in design.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some workers are skilled in programming, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions that some workers are skilled in design, this conclusion is valid.
Example 111:
Statement: “No vehicles are allowed in the park after sunset.”
Conclusion 1: Some vehicles are in the park after sunset. Conclusion 2: No vehicles are in the park after sunset.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says no vehicles are allowed in the park after sunset, so this conclusion contradicts that.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since no vehicles are allowed after sunset, this conclusion is true.
Example 112:
Statement: “Some teachers are teaching mathematics, while others are teaching history.”
Conclusion 1: All teachers are teaching mathematics. Conclusion 2: Some teachers are teaching history.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some teachers are teaching mathematics, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement clearly mentions that some teachers teach history, this conclusion is valid.
Example 113:
Statement: “No one is allowed to enter the building without showing their ID card.”
Conclusion 1: All people who enter the building have an ID card. Conclusion 2: Some people enter the building without showing an ID card.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement asserts that no one can enter without showing an ID, so all people entering must have one.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement says that no one can enter without an ID card, so this conclusion is false.
Example 114:
Statement: “Some plants grow best in direct sunlight, while others thrive in the shade.”
Conclusion 1: All plants grow best in direct sunlight. Conclusion 2: Some plants thrive in the shade.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some plants grow best in direct sunlight, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions that some plants thrive in the shade, this conclusion is true.
Example 115:
Statement: “All birds can fly except for penguins.”
Conclusion 1: Some birds cannot fly. Conclusion 2: All birds can fly.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement mentions that penguins cannot fly, so some birds do not fly.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement says all birds can fly except for penguins, so this conclusion is false.
Example 116:
Statement: “Some computers are laptops, while others are desktop computers.”
Conclusion 1: All computers are laptops. Conclusion 2: Some computers are desktop computers.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says some computers are laptops, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions desktop computers, this conclusion is true.
Example 117:
Statement: “Some students are good at mathematics, while others excel in literature.”
Conclusion 1: All students are good at mathematics. Conclusion 2: Some students excel in literature.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some students are good at mathematics, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement says that some students excel in literature, this conclusion is valid.
Example 118:
Statement: “No one can enter the park without a ticket.”
Conclusion 1: Some people enter the park without a ticket. Conclusion 2: Everyone who enters the park has a ticket.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says no one can enter without a ticket, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since no one can enter the park without a ticket, everyone who enters must have one.
Example 119:
Statement: “Some birds migrate during the winter, while others stay in the same location year-round.”
Conclusion 1: All birds migrate during the winter. Conclusion 2: Some birds stay in the same location year-round.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some birds migrate during the winter, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement clearly mentions that some birds stay in the same location year-round, so this conclusion is valid.
Example 120:
Statement: “All fruits are healthy, but some fruits are more nutritious than others.”
Conclusion 1: All fruits are equally nutritious. Conclusion 2: Some fruits are more nutritious than others.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says some fruits are more nutritious than others, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement explicitly mentions that some fruits are more nutritious, this conclusion is valid.
Example 121:
Statement: “No one is allowed to park in front of the fire hydrant.”
Conclusion 1: Some people park in front of the fire hydrant. Conclusion 2: No one parks in front of the fire hydrant.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says no one is allowed to park in front of the fire hydrant, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since no one is allowed to park in front of the fire hydrant, this conclusion is true.
Example 122:
Statement: “Some people prefer tea, while others prefer coffee.”
Conclusion 1: All people prefer coffee. Conclusion 2: Some people prefer tea.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people prefer coffee, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement says some people prefer tea, this conclusion is valid.
Example 123:
Statement: “No one is allowed to enter the building without a security badge.”
Conclusion 1: All people who enter the building have a security badge. Conclusion 2: Some people do not have a security badge.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement asserts that no one can enter without a security badge, so all those who enter must have one.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement does not suggest that some people do not have a security badge, it only sets the requirement for entry.
Example 124:
Statement: “All vegetables are good for health, but some are rich in fiber while others are rich in vitamins.”
Conclusion 1: Some vegetables are rich in vitamins. Conclusion 2: All vegetables are rich in vitamins.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement says some vegetables are rich in vitamins, so this conclusion is valid.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement does not say all vegetables are rich in vitamins, so this conclusion is false.
Example 125:
Statement: “Some books are available in digital format, while others are available in print.”
Conclusion 1: All books are available in digital format. Conclusion 2: Some books are available in print.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some books are available in digital format, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions that some books are available in print, this conclusion is valid.
Example 126:
Statement: “All athletes in the competition must follow the rules.”
Conclusion 1: Some athletes do not follow the rules. Conclusion 2: All athletes follow the rules.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all athletes must follow the rules, so no athletes should be breaking the rules.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement asserts that all athletes must follow the rules, so this conclusion is true.
Example 127:
Statement: “All the houses in the neighborhood have solar panels.”
Conclusion 1: Some houses in the neighborhood have solar panels. Conclusion 2: All the houses have solar panels.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – Since the statement says all houses have solar panels, it naturally follows that some houses have solar panels.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that all the houses have solar panels, making this conclusion true.
Example 128:
Statement: “No one was late to the meeting because everyone arrived on time.”
Conclusion 1: All people arrived on time. Conclusion 2: Some people arrived late.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – Since the statement says everyone arrived on time, this conclusion is true.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement says no one was late, so this conclusion contradicts the given information.
Example 129:
Statement: “Some dogs are very friendly, while others are more aggressive.”
Conclusion 1: All dogs are friendly. Conclusion 2: Some dogs are aggressive.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some dogs are friendly, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions that some dogs are aggressive, this conclusion is true.
Example 130:
Statement: “All cars must undergo regular maintenance checks.”
Conclusion 1: Some cars undergo regular maintenance checks. Conclusion 2: All cars undergo regular maintenance checks.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – Since all cars must undergo regular maintenance checks, this conclusion is correct.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement says that all cars must undergo maintenance checks, so this conclusion is also correct.
Example 131:
Statement: “Some birds migrate during the winter, while others stay in the same region year-round.”
Conclusion 1: All birds migrate during the winter. Conclusion 2: Some birds stay in the same region year-round.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some birds migrate, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some birds stay in the same region year-round, this conclusion is true.
Example 132:
Statement: “No one can enter the gym without showing their membership card.”
Conclusion 1: All people who enter the gym have a membership card. Conclusion 2: Some people enter the gym without a membership card.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – Since the statement says no one can enter the gym without a membership card, all people who enter must have one.
- Conclusion 2: Invalid – The statement clearly states that no one can enter without a membership card, so this conclusion is false.
Example 133:
Statement: “Some people are allergic to peanuts, while others are not.”
Conclusion 1: All people are allergic to peanuts. Conclusion 2: Some people are not allergic to peanuts.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people are allergic to peanuts, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions that others are not allergic, this conclusion is true.
Example 134:
Statement: “Some students prefer online classes, while others prefer traditional classroom learning.”
Conclusion 1: All students prefer online classes. Conclusion 2: Some students prefer traditional classroom learning.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some students prefer online classes, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since some students prefer traditional classroom learning, this conclusion is true.
Example 135:
Statement: “All smartphones can connect to the internet, but only some are equipped with 5G technology.”
Conclusion 1: All smartphones are equipped with 5G technology. Conclusion 2: Some smartphones have 5G technology.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some smartphones have 5G technology, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions that some smartphones have 5G technology, this conclusion is true.
Example 136:
Statement: “All animals in the zoo are well cared for by the staff.”
Conclusion 1: Some animals in the zoo are not cared for by the staff. Conclusion 2: All animals in the zoo are well cared for.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says all animals are well cared for, so no animals are left uncared for.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that all animals are well cared for, making this conclusion true.
Example 137:
Statement: “Some flowers bloom in the spring, while others bloom in the summer.”
Conclusion 1: All flowers bloom in the spring. Conclusion 2: Some flowers bloom in the summer.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some flowers bloom in the spring, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement says some flowers bloom in the summer, this conclusion is valid.
Example 138:
Statement: “All employees must submit their reports by Friday.”
Conclusion 1: Some employees submit their reports by Friday. Conclusion 2: All employees submit their reports by Friday.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – Since all employees must submit their reports by Friday, this conclusion is correct.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – The statement explicitly says that all employees must submit reports by Friday, so this conclusion is true.
Example 139:
Statement: “No one is allowed to leave the event before the end of the speech.”
Conclusion 1: Some people leave the event before the end of the speech. Conclusion 2: No one leaves the event before the end of the speech.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says no one is allowed to leave before the end, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since no one is allowed to leave before the end, this conclusion is true.
Example 140:
Statement: “Some students have finished their assignments, while others are still working on them.”
Conclusion 1: All students have finished their assignments. Conclusion 2: Some students are still working on their assignments.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some students have finished their assignments, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement says some students are still working, this conclusion is valid.
Example 141:
Statement: “All the houses in the area are painted white, except for one house that is painted blue.”
Conclusion 1: All houses are painted blue. Conclusion 2: One house is painted blue.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only one house is painted blue, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement clearly mentions that one house is painted blue, this conclusion is true.
Example 142:
Statement: “All the books in the library are categorized into fiction and non-fiction.”
Conclusion 1: Some books in the library are fiction. Conclusion 2: All books in the library are categorized into genres.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Valid – The statement says that books are categorized into fiction and non-fiction, so some books are fiction.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the books are categorized, this conclusion is correct.
Example 143:
Statement: “Some people love to travel by air, while others prefer road trips.”
Conclusion 1: All people love to travel by air. Conclusion 2: Some people prefer road trips.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some people love to travel by air, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement mentions that some people prefer road trips, this conclusion is true.
Example 144:
Statement: “No one is allowed to enter the concert hall without a ticket.”
Conclusion 1: Some people enter the concert hall without a ticket. Conclusion 2: All people who enter the concert hall have a ticket.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says no one can enter without a ticket, so this conclusion is false.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement asserts that everyone who enters the concert hall has a ticket, this conclusion is true.
Example 145:
Statement: “Some trees lose their leaves in winter, while others retain them.”
Conclusion 1: All trees lose their leaves in winter. Conclusion 2: Some trees retain their leaves in winter.
Answer:
- Conclusion 1: Invalid – The statement says only some trees lose their leaves, not all.
- Conclusion 2: Valid – Since the statement says some trees retain their leaves, this conclusion is valid.
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