Telangana is a state in southern India, located on the Deccan Plateau. It was formed as a separate state on June 2, 2014, after being carved out of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad, which was the joint capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, serves as the capital of Telangana. Here you can find 30 things to know more about Telangana.
Here are some key facts about Telangana:
Geography: Telangana shares its borders with the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and Karnataka. The Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the state, providing water for agriculture and other purposes. The climate of Telangana is generally hot and dry, with summers being extremely hot and winters being mild.
Population: Telangana has a population of over 35 million people (as of 2021), making it the 12th most populous state in India. The majority of the population consists of Telugu-speaking people, and the official language of the state is Telugu.
Economy: Telangana has a predominantly agrarian economy, with agriculture being the main occupation of the majority of the rural population. Major crops grown in the state include rice, cotton, maize, and oilseeds. Hyderabad, the capital city, is a major center for information technology (IT) and has a booming software services industry, earning it the nickname “Cyberabad.” Other important sectors of the economy in Telangana include textiles, pharmaceuticals, automotive, and manufacturing.
Culture: Telangana has a rich cultural heritage, with influences from various dynasties and rulers who have ruled the region throughout history, including the Satavahanas, Kakatiyas, Qutb Shahis, and Asaf Jahis (Nizams). The culture of Telangana is a blend of traditional and modern elements, with classical dance forms such as Kuchipudi and folk arts like Bathukamma, Perini, and Lambadi being popular. The region is also known for its distinctive cuisine, which includes dishes like Biryani, Haleem, and Mirchi Bajji.
Tourism: Telangana has several tourist attractions, including historical monuments, temples, lakes, and wildlife sanctuaries. Some of the popular tourist destinations in Telangana include the Charminar, Golconda Fort, Salar Jung Museum, Ramoji Film City, Bhongir Fort, Warangal Fort, and Kuntala Waterfall.
Overall, Telangana is a vibrant state with a rich history, culture, and economy, and it continues to develop as a separate state in India.
Also read : TSPSC exam in Telangana
Pre history of Telangana
The region of Telangana, located in south-central India, has a rich prehistory that dates back to ancient times. The history of Telangana can be divided into several phases based on archaeological evidence and historical records.
Paleolithic Period: The earliest evidence of human habitation in Telangana dates back to the Paleolithic period, with tools and artifacts found at various sites, such as Nagarjuna Sagar and Kurnool caves. These tools were made of quartzite and quartz, indicating a rudimentary stone tool culture during this period.
Mesolithic Period: The Mesolithic period in Telangana is marked by the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to a more settled, agricultural-based society. Evidence of early agriculture, such as the cultivation of millets and legumes, has been found at sites like Budhigundla and Utnoor.
Neolithic Period: The Neolithic period in Telangana witnessed the emergence of settled farming communities. The people of this period practiced agriculture and animal husbandry, and pottery making became a significant development during this time. Sites like Motupalli, Ramapuram, and Kadalimada provide evidence of Neolithic cultures in Telangana.
Iron Age: The Iron Age marked a significant advancement in technology and social organization in Telangana. Iron tools and weapons were introduced, and agriculture and trade flourished. Several Iron Age sites have been excavated in Telangana, such as Kumaram Bheem Asifabad, Palamoor, and Gottiprolu, which provide insights into the socio-economic and cultural developments of the time.
Meghalithic Period: The Megalithic period in Telangana is marked by the use of large stone monuments or megaliths, which served as burial sites. These megaliths were associated with various cultural practices, including the use of iron tools, pottery, and beads. Megalithic sites have been found in various parts of Telangana, such as Pillalamarri, Mekala Benchi, and Thimmapur.
Overall, the prehistory of Telangana reveals a gradual development of human societies from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled farming communities, characterized by advancements in technology, agriculture, and cultural practices. Archaeological excavations and research continue to shed light on the prehistoric period of Telangana and contribute to our understanding of its rich history.
Pre Satavahanas
Telangana was home to various early kingdoms and cultures. Some of the notable pre-Satavahana entities in Telangana include:
Mauryan Empire: The Mauryan Empire, founded by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE, extended its rule over Telangana during the reign of Ashoka the Great (268-232 BCE). Ashoka’s inscriptions have been found at various places in Telangana, such as Kondapur, Erragudi, and Siddapur, indicating the presence of Mauryan influence in the region.
Ikshvaku Dynasty: The Ikshvaku dynasty, also known as the Andhra Ikshvakus, ruled over parts of Telangana during the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE. They were known for their patronage of Buddhism and their contributions to art and architecture, as seen in sites like Nagarjunakonda, where Buddhist relics and monuments have been found.
Satavahana Dynasty: Although the Satavahanas are most commonly associated with the Deccan region as a whole, they also held sway over parts of Telangana during their reign. The Satavahanas were known for their trade and maritime activities, and their rule had a significant impact on the culture and society of Telangana.
Vakataka Dynasty: The Vakataka dynasty, who were contemporaries of the Satavahanas, also held some influence in Telangana during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE. They were known for their patronage of the arts, as evidenced by the numerous cave temples and sculptures found in sites like Peddabankur, Dhulikatta, and Kotilingala.
Other Local Kingdoms: Telangana was also home to various local kingdoms and chiefdoms, such as the Brihatphalayanas, Anandas, and Chutus, who held sway over smaller territories in the region during different periods of history. These local kingdoms contributed to the cultural and political landscape of Telangana before the emergence of larger dynastic powers.
Overall, the pre-Satavahana period of Telangana was characterized by the presence of various early kingdoms, dynasties, and cultures, which played a significant role in shaping the history and heritage of the region. Archaeological findings, inscriptions, and other historical records continue to shed light on this important phase of Telangana’s history.
Satavahanas of Telangana
The Satavahanas were a prominent ancient Indian dynasty that ruled over parts of Telangana and other regions in the Deccan during the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE. They were known for their patronage of Buddhism, trade, and administration, and their rule had a significant impact on the history and culture of Telangana. Some of the key aspects of the Satavahanas of Telangana are:
Establishment of Satavahana Rule: The Satavahanas, originally from the region of Amaravathi in present-day Andhra Pradesh, rose to power in the Deccan and established their rule over Telangana and other neighboring regions around the 2nd century CE. Their first ruler, Simuka, is believed to have laid the foundation of the Satavahana dynasty.
Capital Cities: The Satavahanas had different capital cities during their rule in Telangana. Initially, their capital was Amaravathi, but later it shifted to Dharanikota, which is identified with present-day Dharmapuri in Karimnagar district of Telangana. Other cities like Kotilingala, Karimnagar, and Peddabankur also served as regional capitals during different periods of Satavahana rule in Telangana.
Buddhism and Art: The Satavahanas were known for their patronage of Buddhism, and many Buddhist monuments, monasteries, and stupas were built in Telangana during their reign. The famous Nagarjunakonda, located in present-day Nalgonda district of Telangana, was an important Buddhist site during the Satavahana period, with numerous monastic complexes and relics. The Satavahanas also encouraged art and architecture, and their rule witnessed the development of distinctive Satavahana style of sculpture and coinage.
Trade and Commerce: The Satavahanas were known for their thriving trade and commerce, and Telangana, with its strategic location along important trade routes, played a significant role in their economic activities. The Satavahanas controlled key trade routes that connected the Deccan with other parts of India, and their rule saw the growth of trade in commodities like textiles, spices, precious stones, and other goods.
Administrative System: The Satavahanas had a well-organized administrative system, with the king at the helm of affairs. The kingdom was divided into various administrative units, such as Janapadas (provinces) and Gramas (villages), and officials were appointed to administer these units. Inscriptions and coins from the Satavahana period found in Telangana provide insights into the administrative structure and practices of the time.
Legacy: The Satavahanas left a lasting legacy in Telangana, and their influence can still be seen in the region’s history, culture, and architecture. Many Buddhist sites, sculptures, and inscriptions from the Satavahana period have been discovered in Telangana, providing valuable insights into their rule and contributions to the region’s heritage.
In conclusion, the Satavahanas were a significant dynasty that ruled over Telangana and other parts of the Deccan during the ancient period. Their patronage of Buddhism, trade, and administration left a lasting impact on Telangana’s history and culture, and their rule marked an important chapter in the region’s rich historical heritage.
Rashtrakutas of Telangana
The Rashtrakutas were a prominent dynasty that ruled over parts of Telangana and other regions in India during the medieval period. They were known for their military prowess, administrative skills, and patronage of arts and culture. Let’s take a closer look at the Rashtrakutas of Telangana:
Rise of the Rashtrakutas: The Rashtrakutas originated in the Deccan region, and their earliest known king was Dantidurga who ruled around the 7th century CE. The Rashtrakuta dynasty gained prominence under the leadership of their most famous king, Dhruva Dharavarsha, who expanded their kingdom and established their capital at Manyakheta (present-day Malkhed in Karnataka).
Rule in Telangana: The Rashtrakutas extended their influence over Telangana during the 8th to 10th centuries CE. They established their authority over important regions in Telangana, including the cities of Karimnagar, Khammam, and Nalgonda. They maintained a complex administrative system with a well-organized bureaucracy and were known for their patronage of arts, literature, and religion.
Architecture and Art: The Rashtrakutas were known for their architectural achievements, with the construction of several temples and monuments in Telangana. The Ramappa Temple in Palampet, Mulugu district, is an exquisite example of Rashtrakuta architecture, known for its intricate carvings and unique style. The Jainath temple in Karimnagar district is another important temple built during the Rashtrakuta rule in Telangana.
Trade and Economy: The Rashtrakutas fostered trade and commerce in their kingdom, and Telangana was an important region for trade during their rule. The region was known for its production of textiles, metals, and agricultural goods, which were traded locally and internationally. The Rashtrakutas also maintained diplomatic relations with neighboring kingdoms and established trade links with other parts of India and beyond.
Patronage of Religion: The Rashtrakutas were known for their patronage of various religions, including Hinduism and Jainism. They built several Hindu and Jain temples in Telangana and supported the spread of these religions. The famous Jainath temple mentioned above is an example of their patronage of Jainism in Telangana.
Decline of the Rashtrakutas: The Rashtrakuta dynasty faced internal conflicts and external invasions during the 10th century CE, which led to their decline. Their kingdom was gradually weakened, and their power declined in Telangana and other regions. By the end of the 10th century CE, the Rashtrakuta dynasty had lost its prominence, and their rule in Telangana came to an end.
In conclusion, the Rashtrakutas were a significant dynasty that ruled over parts of Telangana during the medieval period. They were known for their architectural achievements, patronage of arts and religion, and contribution to the trade and economy of the region. The Rashtrakutas left a lasting impact on the history and culture of Telangana during their rule.
Chalukyas of Telangana
The Chalukyas were a prominent dynasty that ruled over parts of Telangana and other regions in India during the medieval period. They were known for their architectural achievements, military prowess, and contributions to art, literature, and religion. Let’s take a closer look at the Chalukyas of Telangana:
Early Chalukyas: The Chalukyas were initially a feudatory of the Rashtrakutas, but they gained independence in the mid-7th century CE under the leadership of Pulakeshin II. The early Chalukyas, also known as the Badami Chalukyas, ruled over a vast empire that included parts of Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh.
Expansion in Telangana: The Chalukyas expanded their kingdom into Telangana during the 8th to 10th centuries CE. They established their authority over important regions in Telangana, including the cities of Vemulawada, Peddakodekal, and Huligemma. They built several temples and monuments in Telangana, which are known for their architectural excellence and artistic grandeur.
Architecture and Art: The Chalukyas were known for their architectural achievements, and their style of architecture, known as the Chalukyan style, is characterized by intricate carvings, fine sculptures, and unique ornamentation. The Vemulawada Rajarajeshwara Temple in Rajanna Sircilla district is an excellent example of Chalukyan architecture in Telangana. The Kodekallu Someswara Temple in Peddakodekal village is another important temple built by the Chalukyas in Telangana.
Literature and Language: The Chalukyas of Telangana were known for their patronage of arts and literature. Telugu, the language spoken in Telangana, flourished during their rule, and several literary works were composed in Telugu. The famous poet and scholar Nannaya, who translated the great epic Mahabharata into Telugu, lived during the reign of the Chalukyas of Telangana.
Religion and Philosophy: The Chalukyas were known for their patronage of Hinduism and Jainism. They built several Hindu and Jain temples in Telangana and supported the spread of these religions. The Jainath temple in Peddakodekal village is an example of their patronage of Jainism in Telangana. The Chalukyas also supported various philosophical schools of thought, including the Advaita Vedanta tradition of Hindu philosophy.
Decline of the Chalukyas: The Chalukya dynasty faced internal conflicts and external invasions during the 10th century CE, which led to their decline. Their kingdom was gradually weakened, and their power declined in Telangana and other regions. By the end of the 10th century CE, the Chalukya dynasty had lost its prominence, and their rule in Telangana came to an end.
In conclusion, the Chalukyas were a significant dynasty that ruled over parts of Telangana during the medieval period. They were known for their architectural achievements, patronage of arts, literature, and religion, and their contributions to the history and culture of Telangana. The Chalukyas left a lasting legacy in Telangana, and their rule played an important role in shaping the region’s history.
Kakatiyas of Telangana
The Kakatiyas were a medieval dynasty that ruled over the region of Telangana in South India from the 12th to the 14th centuries CE. They were known for their architectural, cultural, and literary achievements, and their rule marked a significant period in the history of Telangana. Let’s take a closer look at the Kakatiyas of Telangana:
Rise of the Kakatiyas: The Kakatiya dynasty was founded by Betaraja I, who declared independence from the Western Chalukya dynasty in the early 12th century CE. His successor, Rudradeva, expanded the kingdom and established the Kakatiyas as a prominent power in the region. The Kakatiyas ruled from their capital at Orugallu (now known as Warangal) and later expanded their kingdom to include parts of present-day Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
Architecture and Fortifications: The Kakatiyas were known for their impressive architectural achievements. They built several forts, temples, and other structures in their kingdom. The Thousand Pillar Temple and the Warangal Fort in Warangal are among the notable examples of Kakatiyan architecture. The Warangal Fort, in particular, is renowned for its unique triple-layered fortifications made of stone, mud, and brick, which are considered a masterpiece of military architecture.
Cultural and Literary Contributions: The Kakatiyas patronized art, literature, and culture. They promoted Telugu language and literature, and Telugu poetry flourished during their rule. Many literary works were composed in Telugu, including the famous Ramappa temple inscription, which is considered a masterpiece of Telugu literature. The Kakatiyas also supported the development of dance, music, and other cultural forms, which further enriched the cultural heritage of Telangana.
Economic Prosperity and Trade: The Kakatiyas promoted agriculture, trade, and commerce in their kingdom. They built several irrigation tanks and canals, which helped in increasing agricultural productivity. The kingdom of Kakatiyas also had a well-organized administrative system and a stable economy, which fostered trade and commerce. Warangal was an important center for trade, with the kingdom having trade relations with other regions of India as well as foreign countries.
Governance and Administration: The Kakatiyas had a well-structured administration with a hierarchical system of governance. They had a standing army, and the kingdom was divided into administrative units called “mandalams” and “gramas.” The Kakatiyas also established a system of justice, which was known for its impartiality and fairness. They were known for their efficient and effective governance, which contributed to the stability and prosperity of their kingdom.
Decline of the Kakatiyas: The Kakatiya dynasty faced internal conflicts and external invasions during the later part of their rule, which led to their decline. The Delhi Sultanate, under the leadership of Muhammad bin Tughluq, invaded the Kakatiya kingdom in the 14th century CE and defeated the Kakatiyas. This marked the end of the Kakatiya rule in Telangana, and the region came under the control of the Delhi Sultanate.
In conclusion, the Kakatiyas were a significant dynasty that ruled over Telangana during the medieval period. They made significant contributions to architecture, culture, literature, and governance, and their rule marked an important phase in the history of Telangana. The Kakatiyas left a lasting legacy in the region, and their influence can still be seen in the cultural heritage of Telangana today.
Nizam’s of Hyderabad
The Nizams of Hyderabad were a dynasty that ruled over the princely state of Hyderabad, which was located in the Deccan region of South India, from 1724 to 1948. The Nizams were known for their wealth, opulence, and administrative capabilities, and their rule had a significant impact on the history and development of the region. Let’s take a closer look at the Nizams of Hyderabad:
Establishment of the Nizamate: The Nizam dynasty was founded by Qamar-ud-din Khan, who was appointed as the viceroy of the Deccan by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1713. In 1724, Qamar-ud-din Khan declared independence from the Mughal Empire and established the Asaf Jahi dynasty, with the title “Nizam-ul-Mulk” or “Nizam of Hyderabad.” The Nizams ruled as independent sovereigns over the princely state of Hyderabad, which covered a vast territory in present-day Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka.
Administrative Reforms: The Nizams implemented a system of efficient and effective governance in Hyderabad. They established a sophisticated administrative structure with various departments, including revenue, judiciary, police, and military, which were known for their efficiency and organization. The Nizams were known for their benevolent and just rule, and they implemented several administrative reforms, including land revenue reforms, judicial reforms, and infrastructure development, which contributed to the stability and progress of Hyderabad.
Patronage of Arts, Culture, and Education: The Nizams were great patrons of arts, culture, and education. They promoted and supported the development of literature, poetry, music, dance, and architecture in Hyderabad. The Nizams were known for their patronage of Urdu language and literature, and Hyderabad became a major center of Urdu poetry and culture. They also established educational institutions, such as the Osmania University, which is one of the oldest universities in India, and several other colleges and schools, which helped in the promotion of education and intellectual pursuits in the region.
Economic Prosperity and Trade: Hyderabad was known for its economic prosperity during the Nizam’s rule. The Nizams encouraged trade and commerce, and Hyderabad became a major center for trade and industry in South India. The city of Hyderabad was known for its skilled artisans, who produced exquisite crafts and textiles that were highly sought after in the international markets. The Nizams also promoted the development of infrastructure, including roads, railways, and telegraph lines, which further facilitated trade and communication.
Contributions to Architecture and Heritage: The Nizams were known for their architectural patronage, and Hyderabad is renowned for its architectural landmarks built during their rule. The Chowmahalla Palace, Falaknuma Palace, and Purani Haveli are among the notable examples of Nizam’s architectural legacy, known for their grandeur, opulence, and unique architectural styles. The Nizams also contributed to the preservation of heritage and culture, and many historical monuments, mosques, and tombs in Hyderabad stand as a testament to their patronage of architecture and heritage.
British Influence and End of Nizam Rule: During the later part of their rule, the Nizams faced increasing British influence in Hyderabad. The British East India Company established control over several territories surrounding Hyderabad, and the Nizams had to sign treaties and agreements with the British, which gradually eroded their sovereignty. In 1947, India gained independence from British rule, and the princely states were given the option to join either India or Pakistan. The Nizam of Hyderabad initially opted for independence, but later agreed.
British rule in Telangana
The British East India Company gradually gained control over various regions in India, including Telangana, through treaties, alliances, and conquests. The British established their rule over Telangana in the 18th and 19th centuries, during the period of British colonialism in India. Here are some key points about the British rule in Telangana:
Annexation of Hyderabad State: Hyderabad State, which included present-day Telangana, was one of the largest princely states in India during the British colonial period. The Nizams of Hyderabad ruled over this princely state. However, in 1798, the British signed a subsidiary alliance with the Nizam, which granted the British control over the Nizam’s foreign affairs and military. Over the years, the British gradually increased their influence in Hyderabad State, and in 1853, they annexed the Berar region, which was a part of Hyderabad State, following the Anglo-Maratha War. This marked the beginning of direct British rule in Telangana.
Land Revenue Reforms: The British introduced various land revenue reforms in Telangana, which had a significant impact on the agricultural economy of the region. The British implemented the Zamindari system, which involved the introduction of private property rights, revenue collection through intermediaries (Zamindars), and consolidation of land ownership. This led to significant changes in land ownership patterns and agricultural practices in Telangana, with many peasants losing their land and becoming indebted to the Zamindars.
Infrastructure Development: The British introduced modern infrastructure in Telangana, including railways, telegraph lines, and postal services, which facilitated trade, communication, and administration. The British also established schools and colleges, which contributed to the spread of modern education in the region. However, the focus of infrastructure development was primarily on areas that served British economic and administrative interests, leading to regional disparities in development.
Impact on Society and Culture: The British rule had a significant impact on the society and culture of Telangana. The British introduced Western education, legal systems, and governance practices, which brought about changes in the social structure, cultural practices, and languages. The British also encouraged Christian missionaries in the region, leading to the spread of Christianity in certain parts of Telangana. However, the local culture, language, and traditions of Telangana continued to thrive despite the British influence.
Resistance Movements: The British rule in Telangana was met with resistance from various quarters. Several tribal uprisings, peasant revolts, and anti-British movements took place in Telangana during this period. One notable movement was the “Telangana Rebellion” or the “Telangana Armed Struggle” that took place from 1946 to 1951, which was a communist-led peasant uprising against the oppressive land revenue policies of the British and the Nizam’s government. The movement had a significant impact on the socio-political landscape of Telangana and played a crucial role in shaping its history.
Merger with India: In 1947, India gained independence from British rule, and the princely states were given the option to join either India or Pakistan. The Nizam of Hyderabad initially opted for independence, but later agreed to join India in 1948 after a brief military intervention by the Indian government known as “Operation Polo”. Hyderabad State was merged with the Indian Union, and Telangana became a part of the newly formed state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956, as per the States Reorganization Act. However, decades later, in 2014, Telangana was carved out as a separate state from Andhra Pradesh, based on regional aspirations and demands for self-governance.
Role of Razakars in Telangana
The Razakars were a private militia that played a controversial role in the history of Telangana during the period of the Nizam’s rule, which lasted until the merger of Hyderabad State with the Indian Union in 1948. Here’s an overview of the role of Razakars in Telangana:
Formation of Razakars: The Razakars were formed in 1947 by Qasim Razvi, who was the leader of the Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) party and a prominent Muslim political leader in Hyderabad State. The Razakars were initially created as a volunteer organization to resist the integration of Hyderabad State with the newly independent India and to demand a separate Muslim state, known as “Osmanistan,” which would be independent of both India and Pakistan.
Activities of Razakars: The Razakars engaged in various activities during their existence, including organizing rallies, protests, and demonstrations to oppose the merger of Hyderabad State with India. They also carried out acts of violence, including attacks on pro-India political leaders, and were accused of indulging in communal violence against Hindus in Telangana. The Razakars were known for their aggressive tactics and often intimidated those who were seen as supporting the integration of Hyderabad State with India.
Controversies and Criticisms: The activities of the Razakars were highly controversial, and they faced criticism from various quarters. They were accused of promoting communalism, violence, and separatism, and their actions were seen as a challenge to the Indian government’s authority. The Razakars were also accused of committing atrocities against those who opposed their agenda, including Hindus and pro-India activists. The formation and activities of the Razakars further fueled communal tensions in Telangana during a critical period of the state’s history.
Role in Indian Government’s Intervention: The Razakars’ activities and the escalating tensions in Hyderabad State eventually led to the Indian government’s intervention. In September 1948, the Indian government launched “Operation Polo,” a military intervention to forcibly integrate Hyderabad State with the Indian Union and suppress the Razakar movement. The Razakars were disbanded, and their leaders, including Qasim Razvi, were arrested. Hyderabad State was merged with the Indian Union, and Telangana became a part of the newly formed state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956.
Historical Perspectives: The role of the Razakars in Telangana is a complex and contentious issue. Some view them as freedom fighters who resisted the integration of Hyderabad State with India and defended the rights of Muslims in the region. However, others see them as a communal and separatist group that promoted violence and sought to create a separate Muslim state. The debate over the Razakars and their legacy continues to be a topic of discussion among historians and scholars.
In conclusion, the Razakars were a private militia that operated in Telangana during the period of the Nizam’s rule. They played a controversial role in the history of Telangana, advocating for a separate Muslim state and opposing the integration of Hyderabad State with the Indian Union. However, their activities were marred by accusations of violence, communalism, and separatism, and their role remains a subject of historical debate.
Integration of Hyderabad with Indian union
Operation Polo was a military operation launched by the Indian government in September 1948 to forcibly integrate Hyderabad State, which was ruled by the Nizam, with the newly independent India. Hyderabad State was a princely state that had initially chosen to remain independent after India gained independence from British rule in 1947. However, the Nizam’s reluctance to join either India or Pakistan, and the activities of the Razakars (a private militia) who opposed the integration of Hyderabad State with India, led to escalating tensions in the region.
The Indian government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, viewed the situation in Hyderabad State as a threat to India’s sovereignty and unity. After diplomatic efforts failed to persuade the Nizam to accede to India, the Indian government launched Operation Polo to forcefully integrate Hyderabad State into the Indian Union.
Operation Polo involved the Indian Army, which moved into Hyderabad State and quickly gained control of the region. The operation lasted for just five days, from September 13 to September 18, 1948, and resulted in the defeat of the Razakars and the capture of Hyderabad City. The Nizam surrendered to the Indian government, and Hyderabad State was officially merged with the Indian Union on September 17, 1948. The Razakars were disbanded, and their leaders, including Qasim Razvi, were arrested.
The integration of Hyderabad State into the Indian Union marked a significant event in the history of Telangana and paved the way for the region’s eventual inclusion as part of the newly formed state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956. However, the events surrounding Operation Polo remain a topic of historical debate, with differing perspectives on the motivations, justifications, and impact of the military intervention. Some view it as a necessary step to preserve India’s unity and democracy, while others criticize it as a violation of the Nizam’s sovereignty and the use of force against the Razakars and the people of Hyderabad State.
Role of JVP committee for Telangana
The JVP (Jawahar Parijana Vedika) committee for Telangana, also known as the JVP committee for separate Telangana, was a regional political committee formed in the early 2000s to advocate for the creation of a separate state of Telangana within India. The committee was primarily composed of political leaders, activists, and intellectuals from the Telangana region who believed that the region was historically and culturally distinct from the rest of Andhra Pradesh and deserved separate statehood.
The JVP committee for Telangana played a significant role in the Telangana statehood movement, which aimed to establish a separate state of Telangana carved out of the existing state of Andhra Pradesh. The committee advocated for the cause of Telangana statehood and demanded the central government of India to initiate the process of creating a separate state of Telangana. The committee organized various forms of protest, including rallies, strikes, and public demonstrations, to raise awareness and gather support for the demand for Telangana statehood.
The JVP committee for Telangana also engaged in negotiations and discussions with the central government and other stakeholders to press for their demands. They sought to highlight the socio-economic and cultural disparities between Telangana and the rest of Andhra Pradesh, as well as the alleged neglect and discrimination faced by the region in terms of development and political representation.
The efforts of the JVP committee for Telangana, along with other political and social movements in the region, ultimately led to the formation of the state of Telangana on June 2, 2014, as the 29th state of India. The creation of Telangana as a separate state was a historic development in the history of the region, and the JVP committee for Telangana played a significant role in advocating for and achieving this outcome.
Gentlemen’s Agreement to merge Hyderabad with Andra Pradesh
The Gentlemen’s Agreement in the context of Telangana refers to a political agreement reached in 1956 between leaders from the Telangana region and Andhra region in India. The agreement was aimed at addressing certain concerns and grievances of the people of Telangana during the process of merging the Telangana region with the Andhra region to create the state of Andhra Pradesh.
The Gentlemen’s Agreement was signed on November 21, 1956, between the leaders of the Telangana region, represented by Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, who was the Chief Minister of Hyderabad State, and the leaders of the Andhra region, represented by Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who was the Chief Minister of the new state of Andhra Pradesh. The agreement was brokered by then-Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, and other central government leaders.
The key provisions of the Gentlemen’s Agreement included:
Telugu as the official language: It was agreed that both Telugu and Urdu would be the official languages of Andhra Pradesh, with the provision that the use of Urdu would continue in the Telangana region for a period of five years for conducting official business.
Merger of employees: It was agreed that the employees of the Hyderabad State, which included the Telangana region, would be integrated into the government of Andhra Pradesh, and no discrimination would be made against them in terms of seniority, promotions, and other benefits.
Protection of civil liberties: It was agreed that the civil liberties and fundamental rights of the people of Telangana would be protected and ensured, including the rights of freedom of speech, expression, and association.
Development of Telangana: It was agreed that special attention would be given to the development of the Telangana region, including the allocation of adequate funds for irrigation, power, education, and other sectors.
The Gentlemen’s Agreement was intended to address the concerns of the people of Telangana and ensure their rights and welfare during the merger of Telangana with Andhra to form Andhra Pradesh. However, over the years, there have been differing opinions on the implementation and effectiveness of the agreement, with some stakeholders in Telangana alleging that it was not fully honored, leading to grievances and demands for separate statehood for Telangana, which eventually materialized in 2014 when Telangana was carved out as a separate state from Andhra Pradesh.
First phase of Telangana movement
The first phase of the Telangana movement refers to the historical struggle for a separate state of Telangana in India, which began in the late 1960s and continued until the formation of the state of Telangana on June 2, 2014. The movement was characterized by widespread protests, agitations, and demands for a separate statehood for the Telangana region, which had its own unique language, culture, history, and socio-political aspirations.
The demand for a separate state of Telangana has its roots in issues such as regional disparities, economic and social backwardness, neglect of Telangana’s development, and perceived discrimination against the region within the unified state of Andhra Pradesh. The movement gained momentum in the late 1960s, with various political, social, and cultural groups coming together to demand the formation of a separate state for Telangana.
The first phase of the Telangana movement witnessed numerous protests, strikes, rallies, and agitations across the Telangana region, demanding separate statehood. There were several significant events during this phase, including the “Jai Telangana” movement led by M. Chenna Reddy in the 1970s, the “Sakala Janula Samme” (General Strike of All People) in 2011, and the “Telangana March” in 2012, among others.
The first phase of the Telangana movement witnessed a protracted struggle for statehood, with the demand for a separate state of Telangana gaining widespread support from various sections of society in the region. The movement finally culminated with the passage of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014, by the Parliament of India, which led to the formation of the state of Telangana on June 2, 2014, as the 29th state of India.
Telangana formation day
Telangana Formation Day is celebrated on June 2nd every year in the state of Telangana, India, to commemorate the formation of the state of Telangana as the 29th state of India. It marks the day when Telangana was officially carved out of the state of Andhra Pradesh and became a separate state with its own distinct identity.
Telangana Formation Day holds special significance for the people of Telangana as it symbolizes the culmination of a long-standing demand for a separate state for the Telangana region, which has its own unique culture, language, history, and aspirations. The formation of Telangana as a separate state was a result of years of struggle and agitation by the people of the region, advocating for their socio-political and economic rights.
On Telangana Formation Day, various events and celebrations are organized across the state, including flag hoisting ceremonies, cultural programs, processions, and other festive activities. It is a day to reflect on the journey of Telangana as a separate state, to celebrate its cultural heritage and achievements, and to renew the commitment towards the development and progress of the state.
Telangana Formation Day is a significant day for the people of Telangana, as it marks an important milestone in the history of the region and serves as a reminder of the aspirations and struggles that led to the formation of the state.
Symbols of Telangana
Some of the symbols associated with Telangana are:
State bird: Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis): The Indian Roller, also known as Palapitta in Telugu, is the state bird of Telangana. It is a colorful bird with striking blue feathers and is known for its acrobatic flight and unique vocalizations.
State flower: Senna auriculata (Tangedu): Senna auriculata, locally known as Tangedu in Telugu, is the state flower of Telangana. It is a yellow flowering plant that is commonly found in the region and is used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.
State tree: Prosopis cineraria (Jammi Chettu): Prosopis cineraria, known as Jammi Chettu in Telugu, is the state tree of Telangana. It is a hardy tree that is well-adapted to the arid regions of the state and is known for its medicinal properties and use as a source of fuel and fodder.
State animal: Spotted Deer (Chital): The Spotted Deer, also known as Chital in Telugu, is the state animal of Telangana. It is a graceful and agile deer species that is commonly found in the forests and grasslands of the state.
State emblem: Charminar: The Charminar, located in the capital city of Hyderabad, is an iconic monument and serves as the state emblem of Telangana. It is a historic structure with four minarets and is known for its architectural beauty and historical significance.
State dance: Perini Sivatandavam: Perini Sivatandavam is a traditional dance form from Telangana that is known for its vigorous movements and dynamic rhythm. It is considered as the state dance of Telangana and represents the rich cultural heritage of the region.
Art forms of Telangana
Telangana, a state in southern India, has a rich cultural heritage with a diverse range of art forms that are unique to the region. Some of the prominent art forms of Telangana include:
Perini Siva Tandavam: Perini Siva Tandavam is a traditional dance form that originated in the Telangana region. It is a vigorous and dynamic dance performed by male dancers, depicting the cosmic dance of Lord Shiva. Performed with high energy and intense facial expressions, this dance form is known for its acrobatic movements, rhythmic footwork, and intricate hand gestures.
Burrakatha: Burrakatha is a traditional folk storytelling art form that is popular in Telangana. It involves the narration of stories and legends accompanied by music, dance, and dialogue. The storyteller, known as “Burrakatha performer,” uses various props like a tambura, a small drum, and colorful costumes to engage the audience.
Bathukamma: Bathukamma is a vibrant and colorful folk festival celebrated in Telangana, where women create floral arrangements in the shape of a cone using seasonal flowers and dance around it. It is a symbol of feminine creativity, vitality, and community bonding.
Lambadi Dance: Lambadi Dance is a traditional dance form performed by the Lambadi tribe, an indigenous community of Telangana. It is a lively and rhythmic dance with quick footwork, accompanied by traditional musical instruments like the dholak, harmonium, and sarangi. The dancers adorn colorful costumes, jewelry, and elaborate headgears.
Gobbi Dance: Gobbi Dance is a folk dance performed by women during the festival of Bonalu in Telangana. It involves women balancing a pot (gobbi) on their heads, decorated with flowers, and dancing gracefully to traditional music. It is a celebratory dance that signifies auspiciousness and fertility.
Cheriyal Scroll Paintings: Cheriyal Scroll Paintings are a traditional art form from the village of Cheriyal in Telangana, known for their unique style of narrative scroll paintings. These paintings depict various mythological stories, folklore, and social issues using bright colors, bold lines, and intricate detailing.
Telangana Folk Music: Telangana has a rich tradition of folk music, including various forms of singing, instrument playing, and storytelling. Some popular folk music genres of Telangana include Janapada Geethalu, Golla Suddulu, Kolatam, Oggu Katha, and Potharajulu, among others.
Festivals of Telangana
Telangana, a state in southern India, celebrates a plethora of festivals that reflect its rich cultural heritage, traditions, and religious diversity. Some of the major festivals celebrated in Telangana are:
Bathukamma: Bathukamma is a unique and colorful festival celebrated during the month of September-October, which marks the beginning of the festive season in Telangana. Women create colorful floral arrangements in the shape of a cone using seasonal flowers and arrange them in layers, symbolizing the goddess Gauri. The festival involves singing, dancing, and immersing the Bathukammas in water bodies as a mark of respect to the goddess.
Bonalu: Bonalu is a traditional Hindu festival celebrated in Telangana, primarily in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad, during the month of Ashada (July-August). It is dedicated to the worship of the goddess Mahakali and involves offering of food, clothes, and other items to the goddess, accompanied by traditional music, dance, and processions.
Sammakka Sarakka Jatara: Sammakka Sarakka Jatara is one of the biggest tribal festivals celebrated in Telangana, held every two years at Medaram village in Jayashankar Bhupalpally district. It is a unique tribal fair where millions of devotees gather to worship the goddesses Sammakka and Sarakka. The festival is known for its colorful rituals, traditional music, dance, and cultural performances.
Durga Puja: Durga Puja is a major Hindu festival celebrated with great fervor and enthusiasm in Telangana, especially in Hyderabad and other parts of the state with a significant Bengali community. It is a ten-day festival that commemorates the victory of goddess Durga over the evil demon Mahishasura and involves elaborate idol worship, cultural programs, and traditional rituals.
Diwali: Diwali, also known as the Festival of Lights, is a widely celebrated festival in Telangana as well as throughout India. It marks the victory of light over darkness and good over evil. The festival is celebrated with the lighting of oil lamps, bursting of fireworks, exchange of sweets, and traditional family gatherings.
Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha: Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha are important Islamic festivals celebrated by the Muslim community in Telangana with great religious fervor. Eid-ul-Fitr marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan, and Eid-ul-Adha commemorates the sacrifice of Prophet Ibrahim. The festivals are celebrated with special prayers, feasts, and social gatherings.
Christmas: Christmas is celebrated by the Christian community in Telangana, with religious services, carol singing, feasts, and festivities. Churches are adorned with decorations, and people participate in midnight masses, followed by celebrations with family and friends.
Arts and Crafts of Telangana
Telangana, a state in southern India, has a rich tradition of arts and crafts that reflect its cultural heritage, skills, and craftsmanship. Some of the notable arts and crafts of Telangana are:
Pochampally Ikat: Pochampally Ikat, also known as Pochampally sarees, is a traditional handwoven textile art form that originated in Pochampally village in Telangana. It involves a complex dyeing and weaving technique, where the yarns are tie-dyed before weaving to create intricate geometric patterns in vibrant colors. Pochampally Ikat sarees and fabrics are known for their unique designs and high-quality craftsmanship.
Bidri Art: Bidri Art is a metalwork craft that originated in Bidar, a town in Telangana. It involves inlaying silver or other metal wires onto a blackened zinc alloy base to create intricate patterns and designs. Bidri products such as vases, bowls, boxes, and jewelry are known for their dark black color and exquisite craftsmanship.
Cheriyal Scroll Paintings: Cheriyal Scroll Paintings, also known as Nakashi art, is a traditional form of scroll painting that originated in Cheriyal village in Telangana. These paintings are done on cloth canvas using natural dyes and depict mythological stories, folktales, and social issues. Cheriyal Scroll Paintings are known for their bright colors, bold outlines, and detailed storytelling.
Nirmal Art: Nirmal Art is a traditional painting style that originated in Nirmal town in Telangana. It involves intricate painting on wood with natural dyes, depicting scenes from mythology, nature, and everyday life. Nirmal Art products such as trays, boxes, and wall hangings are known for their fine detailing and vivid colors.
Lambadi Embroidery: Lambadi Embroidery is a traditional tribal embroidery art form practiced by the Lambadi community in Telangana. It involves colorful threadwork, mirror work, and beadwork on fabric, creating vibrant patterns and designs. Lambadi Embroidery is used to adorn various textiles such as clothes, bags, and home decor items.
Gollabhama Dolls: Gollabhama Dolls, also known as Siddipet Dolls, are traditional clay dolls that originated in Siddipet, a town in Telangana. These dolls are made of locally available clay and are hand-painted with bright colors to depict rural life, mythology, and folktales. Gollabhama Dolls are popular as decorative items and souvenirs.
Kondapalli Toys: Kondapalli Toys are traditional wooden toys that originated in Kondapalli village in Telangana. These toys are hand-carved from softwood and painted with natural dyes to depict various characters from mythology, village life, and animals. Kondapalli Toys are known for their intricate carving, bright colors, and eco-friendly nature.
Universities in Telangana
Some of the universities in Telangana are:
Osmania University (OU): Located in Hyderabad, Osmania University is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Telangana, offering programs in fields such as Arts, Sciences, Commerce, Management, Law, Education, Engineering, Technology, and Pharmacy.
Kakatiya University (KU): Located in Warangal, Kakatiya University is a renowned university offering programs in fields such as Arts, Sciences, Commerce, Business Management, Social Sciences, Education, Engineering, Pharmacy, and Law.
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH): Located in Hyderabad, JNTUH is a leading technical university offering programs in fields such as Engineering, Technology, Pharmacy, Sciences, Management, and Humanities.
Telangana University (TU): Located in Nizamabad, Telangana University offers programs in fields such as Arts, Social Sciences, Commerce, Sciences, Law, and Education.
Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU): Located in Nalgonda, Mahatma Gandhi University offers programs in fields such as Arts, Sciences, Commerce, Management, and Education.
Satavahana University (SU): Located in Karimnagar, Satavahana University offers programs in fields such as Arts, Sciences, Commerce, Management, and Education.
Palamuru University (PU): Located in Mahbubnagar, Palamuru University offers programs in fields such as Arts, Sciences, Commerce, and Education.
Railways in Telangana
Telangana, a state located in southern India, is served by an extensive railway network that connects it to various parts of the country. The railway system in Telangana is operated and managed by the Indian Railways, which is the national railway system of India. Telangana has numerous railway stations and railway lines that facilitate passenger and freight transportation within the state and beyond.
Some of the key aspects of the railway system in Telangana are:
Railways Zones: Telangana falls under two railway zones of Indian Railways – South Central Railway (SCR) and East Coast Railway (ECoR). The South Central Railway has its headquarters in Secunderabad, a major railway junction in Telangana, and covers the major part of the railway network in the state. The East Coast Railway covers a small portion of eastern Telangana, including the district of Bhadrachalam.
Major Railway Junctions: Telangana has several important railway junctions that serve as key transportation hubs. Secunderabad Junction, Hyderabad Deccan (Nampally) Railway Station, Kazipet Junction, Kacheguda Railway Station, and Warangal Railway Station are some of the major railway junctions in Telangana.
Railway Lines: Telangana has a network of railway lines that connect it to various parts of India. Some of the major railway lines passing through Telangana include the Hyderabad-Vijayawada line, Secunderabad-Kazipet-Vijayawada line, Hyderabad-Kurnool line, Secunderabad-Mahbubnagar line, Kacheguda-Manmad line, and Bhadrachalam Road-Kovvur line, among others.
Passenger and Freight Transportation: The railway system in Telangana caters to both passenger and freight transportation. It provides regular train services for passengers traveling within the state and to other parts of India. It also facilitates the transportation of goods, including coal, cement, fertilizer, food grains, and other commodities, through its extensive freight network.
Development and Upgradation: The Indian Railways continuously undertakes development and upgradation of railway infrastructure in Telangana, including track expansion, electrification, modernization of stations, introduction of new train services, and other infrastructure improvements to enhance the efficiency and safety of railway operations in the state.
The railway system plays a significant role in the transportation and connectivity of Telangana, enabling people and goods to move efficiently within the state and beyond, and contributing to its economic growth and development.
Metro rail in Telangana
Telangana, has a Metro rail system known as Hyderabad Metro Rail. Hyderabad Metro Rail is a rapid transit system that serves the city and its surrounding areas, providing a modern and efficient mode of transportation for commuters. The metro system in Hyderabad is operated by the Hyderabad Metro Rail Limited (HMRL), which is a public-private partnership (PPP) project between the Government of Telangana and a private consortium called L&T Metro Rail (Hyderabad) Limited.
Key features of Hyderabad Metro Rail:
Lines and Stations: Hyderabad Metro Rail currently operates on three lines – Red Line, Blue Line, and Green Line, covering a total distance of over 69 kilometers with 57 stations. The Red Line runs from Miyapur to L.B. Nagar, the Blue Line from Nagole to Raidurg, and the Green Line from JBS (Jubilee Bus Station) to Falaknuma.
Technology: Hyderabad Metro Rail uses state-of-the-art technology for its operations, including modern rolling stock, signaling, communication systems, and fare collection systems. The metro trains are designed with advanced features such as air conditioning, real-time train information, and priority seating for women, senior citizens, and people with disabilities.
Integration with other Modes of Transport: Hyderabad Metro Rail is integrated with other modes of transport, including buses and other public transport services, to provide seamless connectivity to commuters. It has integrated stations with major bus depots, bus stops, and other modes of transport hubs, making it convenient for passengers to switch between different modes of transport.
Fare System: Hyderabad Metro Rail has a fare system based on the distance traveled, with different fare slabs. It also offers various types of fare cards, including single-journey tickets, smart cards, and QR code-based tickets, for the convenience of passengers.
Benefits: Hyderabad Metro Rail has brought several benefits to the city, including reduced traffic congestion, improved connectivity, enhanced last-mile connectivity, reduced air pollution, and increased accessibility for commuters, including women, students, and people with disabilities.
Hyderabad Metro Rail has become an important mode of transportation for commuters in Hyderabad, providing a modern, reliable, and sustainable means of travel in the city and contributing to its overall transportation infrastructure.
Rivers in Telangana
Telangana, a state located in southern India, is blessed with several rivers that traverse its landscape, providing water resources for irrigation, drinking water, and supporting the livelihoods of the local population. Some of the major rivers in Telangana are:
Godavari River: The Godavari River is the largest and longest river in Telangana, flowing through the northern part of the state. It originates in the state of Maharashtra and enters Telangana near Kadam in Adilabad district. It then flows through districts like Nizamabad, Karimnagar, and Khammam, before leaving Telangana and entering the state of Andhra Pradesh. The Godavari River is considered sacred by many and is an important source of water for irrigation and drinking purposes in Telangana.
Krishna River: The Krishna River is one of the major rivers in India, and it forms the southern border of Telangana with the state of Andhra Pradesh. It enters Telangana near Jurala in Mahabubnagar district and flows through districts like Nalgonda and Khammam before exiting Telangana and flowing further into Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna River is an important source of water for irrigation and drinking purposes, and several dams and reservoirs have been built on it to harness its water resources.
Manair River: The Manair River is a major tributary of the Godavari River and flows through the districts of Karimnagar and Peddapalli in Telangana. The Manair River is important for irrigation in the region, and the Lower Manair Dam, built on the river, is a significant reservoir that provides water for agriculture and drinking water supply.
Godavari River tributaries: Several tributaries of the Godavari River also flow through Telangana, including the Penganga, Pranahita, Sabari, and Indravati rivers. These tributaries provide water for irrigation and support the agricultural activities in the region.
Other smaller rivers and streams: Telangana also has several smaller rivers and streams, such as the Musi River, Peddavagu, Munneru River, Kadam River, and Dindi River, among others, which are important sources of water for local communities and agriculture.
These rivers in Telangana play a vital role in the socio-economic and ecological aspects of the state, providing water resources for various purposes and supporting the livelihoods of the people. However, like many rivers in India, these rivers also face challenges such as pollution, encroachments, and over-extraction of water, which need to be addressed through proper conservation and management measures to ensure their sustainability for future generations.
Forts in Telangana
Telangana, a state located in southern India, has a rich historical and cultural heritage, including several forts that are testimony to its glorious past. Some of the prominent forts in Telangana are:
Golconda Fort: Located in Hyderabad, the capital city of Telangana, Golconda Fort is one of the most famous forts in India. It was originally built by the Kakatiya dynasty in the 13th century and later fortified by the Qutb Shahi dynasty. The fort complex comprises of several gates, bastions, royal palaces, temples, and a famous sound and light show that showcases the history and grandeur of the fort. Golconda Fort is known for its unique acoustics, with the “clapping hands” sound effect that can be heard at the highest point of the fort even from a distance.
Bhongir Fort: Bhongir Fort, also known as Bhuvanagiri Fort, is located in Bhongir town, about 50 kilometers from Hyderabad. It is an ancient fort built on a unique rock formation, and its construction dates back to the 10th century during the rule of the Western Chalukyas. The fort offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, and it is a popular destination for trekking and rock climbing enthusiasts.
Khammam Fort: Khammam Fort is located in the town of Khammam in Telangana. It was built by the Musunuri Nayaks, who were prominent rulers in the region during the 14th and 15th centuries. The fort has historical significance as it served as a stronghold during various wars and battles in the region.
Rachakonda Fort: Rachakonda Fort is located in Rachakonda village in the district of Yadadri Bhuvanagiri in Telangana. It was built during the reign of the Kakatiya dynasty and served as a major fortress for the rulers of the region. The fort is known for its unique architectural style and has several temples and palaces within its premises.
Devarakonda Fort: Devarakonda Fort is located in the town of Devarakonda in the Nalgonda district of Telangana. It was built by the Velama kings during the medieval period and served as a strategic fortification in the region. The fort offers panoramic views of the surrounding countryside and is a popular tourist destination.
These are some of the prominent forts in Telangana that reflect the rich history, culture, and architectural prowess of the region. These forts are not only important historical landmarks but also serve as popular tourist attractions, providing insights into the glorious past of Telangana.
Wildlife Sanctuaries in Telangana
Telangana, a state located in southern India, is home to several wildlife sanctuaries that are important for the conservation of biodiversity and preservation of natural habitats. Some of the prominent wildlife sanctuaries in Telangana are:
Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in Adilabad district, Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the oldest and most important wildlife sanctuaries in Telangana. It is known for its diverse flora and fauna, including Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, Indian bison (gaur), spotted deer, sambar deer, sloth bear, and various species of birds and reptiles.
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve: Located in Nalgonda, Mahabubnagar, and Kurnool districts, Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India and spans across the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. It is home to the Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, Indian bison, spotted deer, sambar deer, and several other species of mammals, birds, and reptiles.
Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in Khammam district, Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its dense forests and rich biodiversity. It is home to several species of deer, monkeys, wild boars, sloth bears, and various species of birds.
Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in Medak district, Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its scenic beauty and diverse flora and fauna. It is home to species like spotted deer, blackbuck, wild boar, and various species of birds, including migratory birds.
Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in Jayashankar Bhupalpally district, Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its dense forests and rugged terrain. It is home to several species of mammals, including tiger, leopard, sloth bear, Indian bison, and various species of birds.
Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in Warangal district, Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its picturesque Pakhal Lake and the surrounding forests. It is home to species like spotted deer, sambar deer, wild boar, and various species of birds.
Amrabad Tiger Reserve: Located in Mahabubnagar district, Amrabad Tiger Reserve is part of the larger Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve and is known for its rich biodiversity. It is home to the Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, Indian bison, spotted deer, and various other species of mammals, birds, and reptiles.
These are some of the prominent wildlife sanctuaries in Telangana that are important for the conservation of wildlife and their natural habitats. These sanctuaries offer opportunities for wildlife viewing, trekking, and nature-based activities, providing a unique experience for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts.
Dams and Reservoirs of Telangana
Telangana, a state located in southern India, has several dams and reservoirs that are vital for water storage, irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control. Some of the prominent dams and reservoirs in Telangana are:
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam: Located on the Krishna River between Nalgonda district of Telangana and Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is one of the largest dams in India. It is a multipurpose project that serves the purpose of irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and drinking water supply to Hyderabad and other areas. The reservoir formed by Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is known as Nagarjuna Sagar Reservoir, which is also a popular tourist destination.
Srisailam Dam: Located on the Krishna River in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, Srisailam Dam is another major dam that also benefits Telangana. It is a multipurpose project that serves the purpose of irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and drinking water supply. The reservoir formed by Srisailam Dam is known as Srisailam Reservoir, which is a significant water source for both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
Singur Dam: Located on the Manjira River in Medak district of Telangana, Singur Dam is a major water storage reservoir. It is primarily used for irrigation and provides water for agricultural activities in the region. The reservoir formed by Singur Dam is known as Singur Reservoir, which also serves as a popular tourist destination.
Kadam Project: Located on the Kadam River in Adilabad district of Telangana, Kadam Project is a multipurpose project that serves the purpose of irrigation, drinking water supply, and hydroelectric power generation. The reservoir formed by Kadam Project is known as Kadam Reservoir and is an important water source for the region.
Lower Manair Dam: Located on the Manair River in Karimnagar district of Telangana, Lower Manair Dam is a major irrigation project. It is used for storing and regulating water for irrigation and provides water for agricultural activities in the region. The reservoir formed by Lower Manair Dam is known as Lower Manair Reservoir and is also a popular tourist spot.
Peddavagu Project: Located on the Peddavagu River in Nizamabad district of Telangana, Peddavagu Project is an irrigation project that serves the purpose of irrigation and drinking water supply. The reservoir formed by Peddavagu Project is known as Peddavagu Reservoir and is an important water source for the region.
These are some of the major dams and reservoirs in Telangana that play a crucial role in water storage, irrigation, power generation, and flood control, supporting the agricultural and socio-economic development of the region.
Waterfall in Telangana
Telangana, a state in southern India, is blessed with several beautiful waterfalls that are popular tourist attractions. Some of the prominent waterfalls in Telangana are:
Kuntala Waterfall: Located in Adilabad district, Kuntala Waterfall is a picturesque waterfall nestled amidst lush green forests. It is formed by the Kadam River and offers a serene and scenic setting, making it a popular spot for picnics and outings.
Pochera Waterfalls: Pochera Waterfalls, also known as “Pochera Jalavidut Jala Prapatam,” is located in Adilabad district near the Kadam River. It is a series of waterfalls that cascade down through rocks and create a breathtaking sight during the monsoon season.
Bogatha Waterfalls: Bogatha Waterfalls is located in Koyaveerapuram G, Wazeedu Mandal, Jayashankar Bhupalpally district. It is a picturesque waterfall nestled in the dense forests of the tribal region of Telangana. It is known for its scenic beauty and offers a tranquil atmosphere for visitors.
Gayathri Waterfalls: Gayathri Waterfalls is located in Kuntala village of Adilabad district. It is a seasonal waterfall that flows during the monsoon season and offers a mesmerizing sight with its cascading waters amidst lush greenery.
Kadam Dam Waterfall: Kadam Dam is located near Kadam village in Adilabad district and is a popular picnic spot. The waterfall formed by the Kadam River flowing from the dam creates a beautiful sight during the monsoon season.
Kadamaguda Waterfall: Kadamaguda Waterfall is located near Kadamaguda village in Jayashankar Bhupalpally district. It is a seasonal waterfall that flows during the monsoon season and offers a pristine natural setting for visitors.
These are some of the popular waterfalls in Telangana that offer scenic beauty and are ideal for nature lovers and photography enthusiasts. However, it’s important to check the local weather conditions and safety guidelines before visiting these waterfalls, especially during the monsoon season when the water flow can be strong.
Stadium in Telangana
Telangana is home to several stadiums, which are used for various sports and recreational activities. Some of the notable stadiums in Telangana include:
Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad: It is a state-of-the-art cricket stadium located in Uppal, Hyderabad. It is one of the premier cricket stadiums in India and has hosted numerous international cricket matches, including Test matches, One Day Internationals (ODIs), and Twenty20 (T20) matches.
Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad: It is a multi-purpose indoor stadium located in Gachibowli, Hyderabad. It is primarily used for indoor sports such as badminton, basketball, volleyball, and table tennis, and has hosted several national and international sports events.
GMC Balayogi Athletic Stadium, Hyderabad: It is an athletic stadium located in Gachibowli, Hyderabad. It is used for various track and field events, including athletics, and has hosted several national and international sports events.
Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad: It is a multi-purpose stadium located in Basheerbagh, Hyderabad. It is primarily used for football and cricket matches and has hosted several national and state-level sports events.
Warangal Sports Complex, Warangal: It is a sports complex located in Warangal, which includes an indoor stadium, outdoor stadium, and an athletic track. It is used for various sports activities, including badminton, basketball, volleyball, cricket, and athletics.
Karimnagar District Indoor Stadium, Karimnagar: It is an indoor stadium located in Karimnagar, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Nizamabad District Sports Complex, Nizamabad: It is a sports complex located in Nizamabad, which includes an indoor stadium, outdoor stadium, and an athletic track. It is used for various sports activities, including badminton, basketball, volleyball, cricket, and athletics.
Mahboob Ali Khan Cricket Stadium, Secunderabad: It is a cricket stadium located in Secunderabad, which is used for cricket matches, including domestic cricket tournaments and local cricket leagues.
Mancherial Indoor Stadium, Mancherial: It is an indoor stadium located in Mancherial, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and table tennis.
Adilabad District Indoor Stadium, Adilabad: It is an indoor stadium located in Adilabad, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Khammam District Indoor Stadium, Khammam: It is an indoor stadium located in Khammam, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Jagtial District Indoor Stadium, Jagtial: It is an indoor stadium located in Jagtial, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Medak District Indoor Stadium, Medak: It is an indoor stadium located in Medak, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Mahabubnagar District Sports Complex, Mahabubnagar: It is a sports complex located in Mahabubnagar, which includes an indoor stadium, outdoor stadium, and an athletic track. It is used for various sports activities, including badminton, basketball, volleyball, cricket, and athletics.
Nalgonda District Indoor Stadium, Nalgonda: It is an indoor stadium located in Nalgonda, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Siddipet District Indoor Stadium, Siddipet: It is an indoor stadium located in Siddipet, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Suryapet District Indoor Stadium, Suryapet: It is an indoor stadium located in Suryapet, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Bhuvanagiri District Indoor Stadium, Bhuvanagiri: It is an indoor stadium located in Bhuvanagiri, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Kamareddy District Indoor Stadium, Kamareddy: It is an indoor stadium located in Kamareddy, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Peddapalli District Indoor Stadium, Peddapalli: It is an indoor stadium located in Peddapalli, which is used for various indoor sports activities such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball.
Every district has its indoor stadium
Projects in Telangana
Mission Bhagiratha: It is a flagship project of the Telangana government aimed at providing safe drinking water to every household in the state. The project involves the construction of water treatment plants, pipelines, and storage tanks to ensure the availability of clean drinking water in rural and urban areas of Telangana.
Mission Kakatiya: It is a project aimed at rejuvenating and restoring thousands of tanks and reservoirs in Telangana to improve irrigation facilities, increase groundwater levels, and enhance agricultural productivity.
Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project: It is one of the largest lift irrigation projects in the world, aimed at diverting Godavari river water to irrigate large tracts of agricultural land in Telangana. The project involves the construction of multiple barrages, pump houses, canals, and reservoirs to provide irrigation water to farmers and promote agricultural growth.
Hyderabad Metro Rail Project: It is a rapid transit system in the city of Hyderabad, which aims to provide modern, efficient, and sustainable urban transport to the citizens. The project involves the construction of elevated and underground metro rail corridors across the city, connecting various key locations and improving the connectivity and mobility of people.
Mission Bhagya Laxmi: It is a social welfare project aimed at empowering women in Telangana by providing financial support to impoverished women in rural areas through self-help groups (SHGs). The project provides financial assistance, training, and capacity building to women, enabling them to start income-generating activities and improve their livelihoods.
Haritha Haram: It is a massive plantation drive launched by the Telangana government to increase the green cover in the state and promote environmental conservation. The project involves the plantation of millions of saplings across the state, rejuvenation of degraded forest lands, and promotion of sustainable forest management practices.
Mission Bhagiratha Gram Jyothi: It is a project aimed at providing uninterrupted 24×7 power supply to rural areas of Telangana. The project involves the strengthening of power distribution infrastructure, electrification of villages, and installation of solar power systems in remote areas to ensure reliable and affordable power supply to rural communities.
Telangana Fiber Grid Project: It is a project aimed at providing high-speed internet connectivity to all households, government offices, and institutions in Telangana. The project involves the laying of optical fiber cables across the state to establish a robust and reliable broadband network, enabling digital connectivity, e-governance, and digital empowerment of citizens.
Mission Bhagiratha Palle Pragathi: It is a project aimed at improving the quality of life in rural areas of Telangana through comprehensive village development plans. The project involves the implementation of various welfare programs related to health, education, sanitation, water supply, and livelihoods in rural villages to promote holistic and sustainable development.
Telangana State Industrial Project Approval and Self-Certification System (TS-iPASS): It is an online single-window clearance system for industrial approvals and permissions in Telangana. The project aims to streamline and expedite the process of setting up industries in the state by providing a transparent, efficient, and investor-friendly mechanism for obtaining necessary clearances and approvals.
Telangana State Road Development Corporation (TSRDC): It is a project aimed at developing and maintaining a robust road network in Telangana to improve connectivity, promote economic growth, and enhance transportation infrastructure. The project involves the construction, widening, and maintenance of state highways, national highways, and rural roads to ensure smooth and safe movement of people and goods.
Telangana State FiberNet Limited (TSFNL): It is a project aimed at providing affordable and high-speed internet connectivity to households, businesses, and government offices in Telangana through a state-of-the-art fiber optic network. The project aims to bridge the digital divide, promote digital literacy, and enable access to digital services in the state.
Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project: It is one of the largest lift irrigation projects in the world, aimed at harnessing the Godavari river waters to provide irrigation facilities to drought-prone areas of Telangana. The project involves the construction of reservoirs, pumping stations, canals, and tunnels to lift and transport water from the Godavari river to irrigate over 18 lakh acres of land, thereby improving agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods.
Mission Kakatiya: It is a flagship program aimed at restoring and rejuvenating over 46,000 tanks and water bodies in Telangana to improve water storage, groundwater recharge, and agricultural productivity. The project involves desilting, widening, and strengthening of tanks, construction of check dams, and implementation of watershed management practices to revive and sustainably manage water resources in the state.
Haritha Haram: It is a flagship afforestation program aimed at increasing the green cover in Telangana through massive tree plantation drives. The project involves planting of a large number of trees in urban and rural areas, along highways, on barren lands, and in degraded forests to enhance biodiversity, mitigate climate change, and improve the ecological balance.
Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (TSIIC): It is a project aimed at developing industrial parks, clusters, and infrastructure to promote industrial growth and attract investments in Telangana. The project involves the identification, acquisition, development, and maintenance of industrial lands, parks, and SEZs (Special Economic Zones) to provide world-class infrastructure and facilities for setting up industries.
Telangana State Innovation Cell: It is a project aimed at fostering innovation, entrepreneurship, and technology-driven development in Telangana. The project involves creating an ecosystem for innovation and entrepreneurship, supporting startups, promoting research and development, and facilitating collaboration between academia, industry, and government to drive economic growth and create employment opportunities.
Telangana State Police Technology & Training Centre: It is a project aimed at modernizing the police force in Telangana through technology-driven initiatives. The project involves the establishment of a state-of-the-art technology and training center for police personnel to upgrade their skills, enhance their capabilities, and leverage technology for effective law enforcement and public safety.
Telangana Drinking Water Supply Project: It is a major project aimed at providing safe drinking water to rural and urban areas of Telangana. The project involves the construction of water treatment plants, pipelines, reservoirs, and distribution networks to ensure adequate and potable water supply to communities, thereby addressing the water scarcity and improving the quality of life.
Mission Bhagiratha: It is a flagship program aimed at providing piped drinking water supply to all households in Telangana. The project involves the construction of water treatment plants, laying of pipelines, setting up of water storage facilities, and providing tap connections to households, schools, hospitals, and other institutions to ensure access to safe drinking water.
Telangana Fibre Grid: It is a project aimed at providing affordable broadband internet connectivity to every household in Telangana. The project involves laying of optic fiber cables across the state to create a high-speed broadband network, which enables access to digital services, e-governance, and information communication technologies (ICTs) for the benefit of citizens, businesses, and government institutions.
Telangana State FiberNet Corporation (TSFC): It is a project aimed at establishing a statewide broadband network to connect government institutions, businesses, and citizens. The project involves the creation of a robust optic fiber network infrastructure, providing high-speed internet connectivity, and offering various digital services to promote e-governance, digital literacy, and inclusive development.
Telangana Industrial Health Clinic Limited (TIHCL): It is a project aimed at providing support and revival options to sick and potentially viable micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Telangana. The project involves providing financial and operational support, training, and advisory services to MSMEs to improve their competitiveness, productivity, and sustainability, thereby promoting industrial growth and job creation.
All these 30 things to know more about Telangana would help you to improve tour knowledge .Jai Telangana.
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